Effect of Hydrolyzed Yeast Administration on Faecal Microbiota, Haematology, Serum Biochemistry and Cellular Immunity in Healthy Dogs.

Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101484100 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1867-1314 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18671306 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: New York, NY. : Springer

Gastrointestinal Microbiome* ; Immunity, Cellular*; Dogs/*immunology ; Yeast, Dried/*administration & dosage; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Dietary Supplements ; Feces/chemistry ; Feces/microbiology ; Serum

Fungal microorganisms are regularly found in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy and diseased dogs especially from the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota; however, it is necessary to better understand their role in host health. One of the most commonly studied yeast species in humans or animals is Saccharomyces cerevisiae especially in its live cell form. Scarce knowledge on its hydrolysate product effects in dogs forced us to test diet supplemented with hydrolyzed brewery S. cerevisiae (at a dose 0.3% of the diet) for 14 days to healthy adult dogs. Twenty German Shepherds were randomly divided into 2 groups: control and experimental, ten dogs in each. The experiment lasted 42 days (blood and faeces sample collection at days 0, 14, 28 and 42). The results of this straighforward experiment showed significant increase in the abundance of bifidobacteria (day 14), lactic acid bacteria (day 42) and clostridia (day 42). The faecal pH was significantly increased at day 28. In blood serum, the concentration of triglyceride and cholesterol decreased (day 42) while activities of alanine aminotransferase (at day 14) and aspartate aminotransferase significantly increased (at days 28 and 42). Activities of these enzymes were above reference range top in 7 dogs (ALT) and 4 dogs (AST). Haematological paramaters and activity of phagocytes as well as on percentage of lymphocyte subsets CD4 ⁺ , CD8 ⁺ , CD4 ⁺ CD8 ⁺ and CD21 ⁺ were not changed during the experiment. The important point of these results is their onset mostly in the post-supplementation period. The observation of some unexpected effects emphasizes the need for reassessment to use yeasts products for dogs but further studies using different doses are necessary.
(© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Kim YG, Udayanga KGS, Totsuka N, Weinberg JB, Núñez G, Shibuya A (2014) Gut dysbiosis promotes M2 macrophage polarization and allergic airway inflammation via fungi-induced PGE2. Cell Host Microbe 15:95–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2013.12.010. (PMID: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.12.01024439901)
Kumamoto CA (2011) Inflammation and gastrointestinal Candida colonization. Curr Opin Microbiol 14:386–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2011.07.015. (PMID: 10.1016/j.mib.2011.07.01521802979)
Foster ML, Dowd SE, Stephenson C, Steiner JM, Suchodolski JS (2013) Characterization of the fungal microbiome (mycobiome) in fecal samples from dogs. Vet Med Int 658373. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/658373.
Aktas MS, Borku MK, Ozkanlar Y (2007) Efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii as a probiotic in dogs with lincomycin induced diarrhoea. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 51:365-369. http://www.piwet.pulawy.pl/jvetres/images/stories/pdf/20073/20073365370.pdf.
D´Angelo S, Fracassi F, Bresciani F, Galuppi R, Diana A, Linta N, Bettini G, Morini M, Pietra M, (2018) Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii in dog with chronic enteropathies: double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Vet Rec 182:258. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.104241. (PMID: 10.1136/vr.104241)
West C, Stanisz AM, Wong A, Kunze WA (2016) Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae or boulardii yeasts on acute stress induced intestinal dysmotility. World J Gastroenterol 22:10532–10544. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i48.10532. (PMID: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i48.1053228082805)
Czerucka D, Piche T, Rampal P (2007) Review article: yeast as probiotics—Saccharomyces boulardii. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 26:767–778. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03442.x. (PMID: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03442.x17767461)
Sen S, Mansell TJ (2020) Yeasts as probiotics: mechanisms, outcomes, and future potential. Fungal Genet Biol 137:103333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103333. (PMID: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.10333331923554)
Elghandour MMY, Tan ZL, Abu Hafsa SH, Adegbeye MJ, Hreiner R, Ugbogu EA, Cedillo Monroy J, Salem AZM (2019) Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a probiotic feed additive to non and pseudo-ruminant feeding: a review. J Appl Microbiol 128:658–674. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14416. (PMID: 10.1111/jam.1441631429174)
Yalcin S, Yalcin S, Cakin K, Eltan Ö (2010) Effects of dietary yeast autolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance, egg traits, egg cholesterol content, egg yolk fatty acid composition and humoral immune response of laying hens. J Sci Food Agric 90:1695–1701. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4004. (PMID: 10.1002/jsfa.400420564443)
Chollom PF, Agbo EB, Doma UD, Okojokwu OJ, Yisa AG (2017) Nutritional value of spent brewers’ yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): a potential replacement for soya bean in poultry feed formulation. Researcher 9:70–74. https://doi.org/10.7537/marsrsj090117.11. (PMID: 10.7537/marsrsj090117.11)
Aguilar-Uscanga B, Francois JM (2003) A study of the yeast cell wall composition and structure in response to growth conditions and mode of cultivation. Lett Appl Microbiol 37:268–274. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765x.2003.01394.x. (PMID: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2003.01394.x12904232)
Bortoluzzi C, Barbosa JGM, Pereira R, Fagundesm NS, Rafael JM, Menten JFM (2018) Autolyzed yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation improves performance while modulating the intestinal immune-system and microbiology of broiler chickens. Front Sustain Food Syst 2:85. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2018.00085. (PMID: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00085)
Zhang JY, Park JW, Kim IH (2019) Effect of supplementation with brewer’s yeast hydrolysate on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood profiles and meat quality in growing to finishing pigs. Asian-Astralas J Anim Sci 32:1565–1572. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.18.0837. (PMID: 10.5713/ajas.18.0837)
Nocek JE, Holt MG, Oppy J (2011) Effects of supplementation with yeast culture and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast on performance of early lactation dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 94:4046–4056. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4277. (PMID: 10.3168/jds.2011-427721787940)
Kettunen H, Vuorenmaa J, Gaffney D, Apajalahti J (2016) Yeast hydrolysate product enhances ruminal fermentation in vitro. J Appl Anim Nutr 4:e1. https://doi.org/10.1017/jan.2015.14. (PMID: 10.1017/jan.2015.14)
Lin CY, Alexander C, Steelman AJ, Warzecha CM, de Godoy MRC, Swanson KS (2019) Effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on fecal characteristics, nutrient digestibility, fecal fermentative end-products, fecal microbial populations, immune function, and diet palatability in adult dogs. J Anim Sci 97:1586–1599. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz064. (PMID: 10.1093/jas/skz06430770927)
Felis GE, Dellaglio F (2007) Taxonomy of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. Curr Issues Intest Microbiol 8:44–61. (PMID: 17542335)
Yang Y, Iji PA, Kocher A, Mikkelsen LL, Choct M (2008) Effects of mannanoligosaccharide and fructooligosaccharide on the response of broilers to pathogenic Escherichia coli challenge. Br Poult Sci 49:550–559. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660802290408. (PMID: 10.1080/0007166080229040818836901)
Chee SH, Iji PA, Choct M, Mikkelsen LL, Kocher A (2010) Characterisation and response of intestinal microflora and mucins to manno-oligosaccharide and antibiotic supplementation in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 51:368–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2010.503477. (PMID: 10.1080/00071668.2010.50347720680872)
Spring P, Wenk C, Dawson KA, Newman KE (2000) The effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharides on cecal parameters and the concentrations of enteric bacteria in the ceca of Salmonella-challenged broiler chicks. Poult Sci 79:205–211. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.2.205. (PMID: 10.1093/ps/79.2.20510735748)
Snart J, Bibiloni R, Grayson T, Lay C, Zhang H, Allison GE, Laverdiere JK, Temelli F, Vasanthan T, Bell R, Tannock GW (2006) Supplementation of the diet with high-viscosity beta-glucan results in enrichment for lactobacilli in the rat cecum. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:1925–1931. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.3.1925-1931.2006. (PMID: 10.1128/AEM.72.3.1925-1931.200616517639)
Mitsou EK, Turunen K, Anapliotis P, Zisi D, Spiliotis V, Kyriacou A (2009) Impact of a jelly containing short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides and Sideritis euboea extract on human faecal microbiota. Int J Food Microbiol 135:112–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.08.004. (PMID: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.08.00419735957)
Thrune M, Bach A, Ruiz-Moreno M, Stern MD, Linn JG (2009) Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in ruminal pH and microbila fermentation in dairy cows. Livestock Sci 124:261–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.02.007. (PMID: 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.02.007)
Jung EY, Lee JW, Hong YH, Chang UJ, Suh HJ (2017) Low dose yeast hydrolysate in yreatment of obesity and weight loss. Prev Nutr Fodd Sci 22:45–49. (PMID: 10.3746/pnf.2017.22.1.45)
Bolakali M, Irak K (2017) Effect of dietary yeast autolysate on performance, slaughter, and carcass characteristics, as well as blood parameters, in quail of both genders. South Afr J Anim Sci 47:460–470. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v47i4.5. (PMID: 10.4314/sajas.v47i4.5)
Majtán J, Kogan G, Kovácová E, Bíliková K, Simuth J (2005) Stimulation of TNF-alpha release by fungal cell wall polysaccharides. Z Naturforschung C J Biosci 60:921–926. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2005-11-1216. (PMID: 10.1515/znc-2005-11-1216)
Yalcin S, Yalcin S, Uzunoglu K, Duyum HM, Eltan O (2012) Effects of dietary yeast autolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) on performance, egg traits, some blood characteristics and antibody production of laying hens. Livestock Sci 145:13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.12.013. (PMID: 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.12.013)
Adeoye AA, Obasa SO, Fawole FJ, Wan AHL, Davies SJ (2020) Dietary supplementation of autolysed yeast enhances growth, liver functionality and intestinal morphology in African catfish. Aquacult Nutr 26:772–780. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.13036. (PMID: 10.1111/anu.13036)
Kourelis A, Kotzamanidis C, Litopoulou-Tzanetaki E, Papaconstantinou J, Tzanetakis N, Yiangou M (2010) Immunostimulatory activity of potential probiotic yeast strains in the dorsal air pouch system and the gut mucosa. J Appl Microbiol 109:260–271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04651.x. (PMID: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04651.x20059615)
Rodrigues AC, Cara DC, Fretez SH, Cunha FQ, Vieira EC, Nicoli JR, Vieira LQ (2000) Saccharomyces boulardii stimulates sIgA production and the phagocytic system of gnotobiotic mice. J Appl Microbiol 89:404–414. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01128.x. (PMID: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01128.x11021572)
Chiu CH, Cheng CH, Gua WR, Guu YK, Cheng W (2010) Dietary administration of the probiotic, Saccharomyces cerevisiae P13, enhanced the growth, innate immune responses, and disease resistance of the grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Fish Shellfish Immunol 29:1053–1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2010.08.019. (PMID: 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.08.01920816806)
Czop JK, Austen KF (1985) A beta-glucan inhibitable receptor on human monocytes: its identity with the phagocytic receptor for particulate activators of the alternative complement pathway. J Immunol 134:2588–2593. (PMID: 2579146)
Czop JK, Puglisi AV, Miorandi DZ, Austen KF (1988) Perturbation of beta-glucan receptors on human neutrophils initiates phagocytosis and leukotriene B4 production. J Immunol 141:3170–3176. (PMID: 2844908)
Gao J, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Yu SH, Yoon I, Moore D, Gao YP, Yan HJ, Qi GH (2009) Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on immune functions of broilers challenged with Eimeria tenella. Poult Sci 88:2141–2151. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2009-00151. (PMID: 10.3382/ps.2009-0015119762868)

Keywords: Dog; Faecal analysis; Heamatology; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Serum biochemistry

Date Created: 20210312 Date Completed: 20220111 Latest Revision: 20220111

20231215

10.1007/s12602-021-09765-9

33710512