Interaction Between Physical Activity and Polygenic Score on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Older Black and White Participants From the Health and Retirement Study.

Publisher: published on behalf of the Gerontological Society of America by Oxford University Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9502837 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1758-535X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10795006 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: Washington, DC : published on behalf of the Gerontological Society of America by Oxford University Press
Original Publication: Washington, DC : Gerontological Society of America, c1995-

Black or African American* ; Exercise* ; White People*; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*ethnology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*genetics; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Humans ; Incidence ; Life Style ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; United States

This study investigated the association of lifestyle factors and polygenic risk scores (PGS), and their interaction, on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We examined data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study, a prospective longitudinal cohort of adults aged 50 years and older, containing nationally representative samples of Black and White Americans with precalculated PGS for T2D (N = 14 001). Predicted prevalence and incidence of T2D were calculated with logistic regression models. We calculated differences in T2D prevalence and incidence by PGS percentiles and for interaction variables using nonparametric bootstrap method. Black participants had approximately twice the prevalence of Whites (26.2% vs 14.2%), with a larger difference between the 90th and 10th PGS percentile from age 50 to 80 years. Significant interaction (pinteraction = .0096) was detected between PGS and physical activity among Whites. Among Whites in the 90th PGS percentile, T2D prevalence for moderate physical activity was 17.0% (95% CI: 14.8, 19.6), 6.8% lower compared to no/some physical activity (23.8%; 95% CI: 20.4, 27.5). T2D prevalence was similar (~10%) for both groups in the 10th PGS percentile. Incident T2D in Whites followed a similar pattern (pinteraction = .0325). No significant interactions with PGS were detected among Black participants. Interaction of different genetic risk profiles with lifestyle factors may inform understanding of varying inventions' efficacy for different groups of people, potentially improving clinical and prevention interventions.
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RC4 AG039029 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; U01 AG009740 United States AG NIA NIH HHS; U54 MD007601 United States MD NIMHD NIH HHS; RC2 AG036495 United States AG NIA NIH HHS

Keywords: Physical activity; Polygenic risk score; Racial differences; Type 2 diabetes

Date Created: 20210130 Date Completed: 20211020 Latest Revision: 20240814

20240814

PMC8355465

10.1093/gerona/glab025

33515027