"Vibrionales".

Gram-negative straight or curved rods. Motile by means of polar flagella. Additional lateral flagella may be produced when grown on solid media; these differ in wavelength and antigenicity from the polar flagellum and may number from a few to over 100 flagella/cell. Do not form endospores or microcysts. Chemoorganotrophs. Facultative anaerobes, having both a respiratory and a fermentative metabolism. Oxygen is a universal electron acceptor. Do not denitrify. Most strains: are oxidase positive, reduce nitrate to nitrite, ferment D-glucose and utilize it as a sole or principal source of carbon and energy, grow in minimal media with D-glucose or other compounds as the sole source of carbon and energy and use NH4+ as the sole nitrogen source. A few species require vitamins and amino acids. Ferment and utilize a wide variety of simple and complex carbohydrates and utilize a wide variety of other carbon sources. Most species require Na+ or a seawater base for growth and require 0.5-3% NaCl for optimum growth. Several species are bioluminescent; other species include a few bioluminescent strains. Primarily aquatic. Found in fresh, brackish, and sea water, often in association with aquatic animals and plants. Several species are pathogenic for humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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