Neonatal developmental and epileptic encephalopathy due to autosomal recessive variants in SLC13A5 gene.

Publisher: Blackwell Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 2983306R Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1528-1167 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00139580 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Epilepsia Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: Malden, MA : Blackwell Science
Original Publication: Copenhagen : Munskgaard

Brain Diseases/*genetics ; Developmental Disabilities/*genetics ; Epilepsy/*genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Symporters/*genetics; Adolescent ; Brain Diseases/diagnosis ; Brain Diseases/physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis ; Developmental Disabilities/physiopathology ; Electroencephalography/trends ; Epilepsy/diagnosis ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

Objective: Autosomal recessive pathogenic variants of the SLC13A5 gene are associated with severe neonatal epilepsy, developmental delay, and tooth hypoplasia/hypodontia. We report on 14 additional patients and compare their phenotypic features to previously published patients to identify the clinical hallmarks of this disorder.
Methods: We collected clinical features of 14 patients carrying biallelic variants in SLC13A5 and performed a PubMed search to identify previously published patients.
Results: All patients presented clonic or tonic seizures in the first days of life, evolving into status epilepticus in 57%. Analysis of seizure frequency and developmental milestones divided into five epochs showed an evolutionary trajectory of both items. In the first 3 years of life, 72% of patients had weekly/monthly seizures, often triggered by fever; 14% were seizure-free. Between the ages of 3 and 12 years, 60% become seizure-free; in the following years, up to age 18 years, 57% were seizure-free. After the age of 18 years, all three patients reaching this age were seizure-free. Similarly, 86% of patients at onset presented mild to moderate developmental impairment and diffuse hypotonia. In late childhood, all had developmental delay that was severe in most. Benzodiazepines, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine were the most effective drugs. Eight probands carried heterozygous compound variants, and homozygous pathogenic variants occurred in six. Literature review identified 45 patients carrying SLC13A5 gene pathogenic variants whose clinical features overlapped with our cohort. A peculiar and distinguishing sign is the presence of tooth hypoplasia and/or hypodontia in most patients.
Significance: Autosomal recessive pathogenic variants in SLC13A5 are associated with a distinct neonatal epileptic encephalopathy evolving into severe cognitive and motor impairment, yet with seizures that settle down in late childhood. Tooth hypoplasia or hypodontia remains the peculiar feature. The SLC13A5 gene should be screened in neonatal epileptic encephalopathies; its recessive inheritance has relevance for genetic counseling.
(© 2020 International League Against Epilepsy.)

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Project Ricerca Finalizzata Giovani Ricercatori 20 International Italian Ministry of Health; International Ministry of Health

Keywords: SLC13A5 gene; autosomal recessive; development; epileptic encephalopathy; neonatal; tooth hypoplasia

0 (SLC13A5 protein, human)
0 (Symporters)

Date Created: 20201016 Date Completed: 20210203 Latest Revision: 20210203

20221213

10.1111/epi.16699

33063863