The science and medicine of human immunology.

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0404511 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-9203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00368075 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Science Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: : Washington, DC : American Association for the Advancement of Science
Original Publication: New York, N.Y. : [s.n.] 1880-

Immune System* ; Immunity*/genetics ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine*/genetics ; Vaccination*; Vaccines/*immunology ; Vaccines/*therapeutic use; Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/therapy ; Communicable Disease Control ; Disease Models, Animal ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Infections/immunology ; Infections/therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Translational Research, Biomedical/trends

Although the development of effective vaccines has saved countless lives from infectious diseases, the basic workings of the human immune system are complex and have required the development of animal models, such as inbred mice, to define mechanisms of immunity. More recently, new strategies and technologies have been developed to directly explore the human immune system with unprecedented precision. We discuss how these approaches are advancing our mechanistic understanding of human immunology and are facilitating the development of vaccines and therapeutics for infection, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
(Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)

BMJ. 2007 Oct 13;335(7623):740. (PMID: 17932177)
N Engl J Med. 2019 Aug 15;381(7):603-613. (PMID: 31180194)
Nature. 1965 Jan 9;205:143-6. (PMID: 14276257)
J Exp Med. 2008 Dec 22;205(13):3119-31. (PMID: 19047440)
Nat Immunol. 2011 Jul 10;12(8):786-95. (PMID: 21743478)
Cell. 2014 Apr 10;157(2):499-513. (PMID: 24725414)
N Engl J Med. 2006 Sep 7;355(10):1018-28. (PMID: 16908486)
Curr Diab Rep. 2018 Oct 23;18(12):136. (PMID: 30353256)
Int Immunol. 1998 Oct;10(10):1563-72. (PMID: 9796923)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Aug 26;111(34):12300-6. (PMID: 25136102)
Blood. 2000 Oct 15;96(8):2803-7. (PMID: 11023514)
Nat Med. 2003 Oct;9(10):1245-50. (PMID: 14520364)
Cell. 2019 Sep 5;178(6):1313-1328.e13. (PMID: 31491384)
Cell. 2015 Jan 15;160(1-2):37-47. (PMID: 25594173)
Immunity. 2010 Oct 29;33(4):516-29. (PMID: 21029962)
Science. 2017 Oct 6;358(6359):58-63. (PMID: 28983043)
PLoS Med. 2019 Apr 23;16(4):e1002786. (PMID: 31013272)
Nat Commun. 2019 Apr 23;10(1):1845. (PMID: 31015419)
Immunol Rev. 2020 Jan;293(1):144-162. (PMID: 31680289)
PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26938. (PMID: 22046420)
J Clin Oncol. 2015 Jun 10;33(17):1889-94. (PMID: 25667295)
J Immunol. 2012 Jun 1;188(11):5210-20. (PMID: 22611248)
Cell Host Microbe. 2016 May 11;19(5):713-9. (PMID: 27107939)
Lancet. 1961 Sep 30;2(7205):748-9. (PMID: 14474038)
Am J Med. 1985 Mar;78(3):417-22. (PMID: 3872068)
Cell. 2018 Sep 20;175(1):277-291.e31. (PMID: 30241608)
Trop Med Int Health. 2019 Dec;24(12):1384-1390. (PMID: 31654450)
J Exp Med. 2003 Nov 17;198(10):1563-72. (PMID: 14623910)
Sci Transl Med. 2017 Jan 18;9(373):. (PMID: 28100831)
J Mol Biol. 2003 Dec 5;334(4):733-49. (PMID: 14636599)
Science. 2018 Aug 31;361(6405):866-869. (PMID: 30166482)
Nature. 2010 Aug 19;466(7309):973-7. (PMID: 20725040)
Curr Opin Immunol. 2013 Oct;25(5):598-605. (PMID: 24055331)
Nature. 2019 Aug;572(7770):481-487. (PMID: 31391585)
Gut. 2019 Aug;68(8):1493-1503. (PMID: 30487267)
Nat Med. 2019 May;25(5):792-804. (PMID: 31068711)
Nature. 2017 Jul 6;547(7661):94-98. (PMID: 28636589)
Cell. 2017 May 18;169(5):862-877.e17. (PMID: 28502771)
Nature. 2018 Aug;560(7720):644-648. (PMID: 30135583)
Annu Rev Immunol. 2011;29:447-91. (PMID: 21219179)
Nat Immunol. 2018 Mar;19(3):302-314. (PMID: 29476184)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 May 15;109(20):7853-8. (PMID: 22547807)
Nat Immunol. 2009 Jan;10(1):116-125. (PMID: 19029902)
J Immunol. 2004 Mar 1;172(5):2731-8. (PMID: 14978070)
J Exp Med. 2019 Aug 5;216(8):1857-1873. (PMID: 31175140)
Cell Host Microbe. 2019 Apr 10;25(4):484-498. (PMID: 30974083)
Immunogenetics. 2014 Nov;66(11):663-9. (PMID: 25139337)
Nat Commun. 2017 Dec 5;8(1):1943. (PMID: 29203772)
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2010 Jan 12;365(1537):207-12. (PMID: 20008397)
Cell. 1981 Nov;27(1 Pt 2):223-31. (PMID: 6276022)
Immunity. 2014 Sep 18;41(3):478-492. (PMID: 25220212)
Nat Genet. 1999 Apr;21(4):370-8. (PMID: 10192386)
Science. 2019 Aug 2;365(6452):. (PMID: 31371577)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Oct 15;89(20):9784-8. (PMID: 1409699)
Genes Immun. 2009 Mar;10(2):112-9. (PMID: 18923431)
Annu Rev Immunol. 1985;3:477-500. (PMID: 2415141)
Cell. 2019 Jun 27;178(1):202-215.e14. (PMID: 31204102)
Nat Immunol. 2004 Oct;5(10):987-95. (PMID: 15454922)
N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):1677-1679. (PMID: 32109012)
Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 Oct;9(10):741-7. (PMID: 19763148)
Sci Immunol. 2017 Aug 25;2(14):. (PMID: 28842433)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Feb 16;113(7):1853-8. (PMID: 26755593)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Aug 26;111(34):12273. (PMID: 25161260)
Cell. 2016 Jun 2;165(6):1548-1550. (PMID: 27259156)
Lancet. 1989 Jul 29;2(8657):244-7. (PMID: 2569055)
Cell Host Microbe. 2014 Jul 9;16(1):115-27. (PMID: 24981333)
Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):313-317. (PMID: 24310610)
Immunity. 2015 Jul 21;43(1):132-45. (PMID: 26187412)
Mol Syst Biol. 2013 Apr 16;9:659. (PMID: 23591775)
Immunol Rev. 2008 Jun;223:7-19. (PMID: 18613827)
CA Cancer J Clin. 1976 Mar-Apr;26(2):119-21. (PMID: 816431)
Trends Immunol. 2015 Aug;36(8):479-93. (PMID: 26187853)
Curr Opin Immunol. 2012 Jun;24(3):332-6. (PMID: 22633886)
N Engl J Med. 2015 May 21;372(21):2006-17. (PMID: 25891304)
Blood. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):2066-77. (PMID: 17105821)
Immunity. 2019 Oct 15;51(4):750-765.e10. (PMID: 31492649)
Transpl Int. 2018 Mar;31(3):251-262. (PMID: 28892567)
Immunity. 2015 Dec 15;43(6):1186-98. (PMID: 26682988)
Cell. 2018 Aug 23;174(5):1277-1292.e14. (PMID: 30142345)
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2018 Nov 1;8(11):. (PMID: 29311124)
J Exp Med. 1989 Nov 1;170(5):1627-33. (PMID: 2809510)
Nat Commun. 2019 Oct 31;10(1):4964. (PMID: 31673027)
Nat Immunol. 2014 Feb;15(2):195-204. (PMID: 24336226)
Cell Rep. 2017 Aug 29;20(9):2251-2261. (PMID: 28854372)
Cell. 2017 Nov 16;171(5):1015-1028.e13. (PMID: 29056339)
Nat Rev Immunol. 2004 Dec;4(12):989-97. (PMID: 15573133)
Science. 2018 Jan 5;359(6371):104-108. (PMID: 29302014)
J Infect Dis. 2011 Apr 1;203(7):921-9. (PMID: 21357945)
Science. 2011 May 6;332(6030):687-96. (PMID: 21551058)
Science. 2018 Jan 5;359(6371):97-103. (PMID: 29097493)
Immunity. 2015 May 19;42(5):965-76. (PMID: 25992865)
Sci Immunol. 2018 Sep 14;3(27):. (PMID: 30217812)
Nature. 1992 Nov 19;360(6401):258-61. (PMID: 1279441)
Immunity. 2015 Sep 15;43(3):591-604. (PMID: 26362266)
Lancet. 2008 Nov 29;372(9653):1881-1893. (PMID: 19012954)
Nat Immunol. 2017 Jun 20;18(7):725-732. (PMID: 28632713)
J Hum Genet. 2015 Nov;60(11):657-64. (PMID: 26223182)
Brain. 2003 Jun;126(Pt 6):1419-29. (PMID: 12764062)
J Immunol. 2009 Feb 1;182(3):1231-2. (PMID: 19155465)
Eur J Immunol. 2007 Nov;37 Suppl 1:S134-7. (PMID: 17972357)
J Exp Med. 2007 Sep 3;204(9):2131-44. (PMID: 17724127)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Aug 6;110(32):13073-8. (PMID: 23878218)
Cell. 2016 Oct 6;167(2):433-443.e14. (PMID: 27667685)
Annu Rev Immunol. 1997;15:93-124. (PMID: 9143683)
J Exp Med. 1994 Apr 1;179(4):1109-18. (PMID: 8145033)
J Exp Med. 2008 Jan 21;205(1):7-12. (PMID: 18195078)
Nature. 2017 May 4;545(7652):60-65. (PMID: 28397821)
Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2005 Jan;18(1):21-5. (PMID: 16200144)
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2017 Mar;19(3):14. (PMID: 28275932)
Pediatr Diabetes. 2016 Jul;17 Suppl 22:73-7. (PMID: 27411440)
Sci Transl Med. 2013 Feb 6;5(171):171ra19. (PMID: 23390249)
MAbs. 2017 Jul;9(5):767-773. (PMID: 28463043)
Cell. 2018 May 31;173(6):1385-1397.e14. (PMID: 29706550)
Lancet Respir Med. 2016 Mar;4(3):213-24. (PMID: 26907218)
Science. 2018 Jan 5;359(6371):91-97. (PMID: 29097494)
Nat Commun. 2019 Feb 20;10(1):863. (PMID: 30787294)
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019 Jul;144(1):13-23. (PMID: 31277743)
Genetics. 2009 Jun;182(2):413-5. (PMID: 19506024)
Nat Commun. 2016 Jan 08;7:10369. (PMID: 26742691)
Nature. 2016 Apr 28;532(7600):512-6. (PMID: 27096360)
Science. 1998 May 29;280(5368):1432-5. (PMID: 9603732)
Cell Rep. 2019 Jan 29;26(5):1104-1111.e4. (PMID: 30699342)
Sci Transl Med. 2015 Apr 1;7(281):281ra43. (PMID: 25834109)
Annu Rev Pathol. 2012;7:353-84. (PMID: 22054143)
Nat Immunol. 2016 Apr;17(4):461-468. (PMID: 26878114)
Annu Rev Med. 1957;8:239-56. (PMID: 13425332)
Lancet Oncol. 2018 Nov;19(11):1480-1492. (PMID: 30361170)
Science. 2019 Nov 29;366(6469):1074-1075. (PMID: 31780544)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Sep 30;105(39):14987-92. (PMID: 18818309)
Nat Immunol. 2018 Nov;19(11):1159-1168. (PMID: 30333612)
Nature. 1985 Apr 11-17;314(6011):537-9. (PMID: 3157869)
Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):2085-8. (PMID: 9851930)
J Physiol. 1952 Aug;117(4):500-44. (PMID: 12991237)
Nat Immunol. 2017 Jun 20;18(7):716-724. (PMID: 28632714)
Nat Med. 2012 Jan 06;18(1):48-53. (PMID: 22227672)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Feb 28;114(9):2425-2430. (PMID: 28193898)
Immunity. 2008 May;28(5):710-22. (PMID: 18468462)
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017 Nov 1;9(11):. (PMID: 28159875)
Front Immunol. 2017 May 23;8:557. (PMID: 28588574)
Nat Cell Biol. 2001 Dec;3(12):E265. (PMID: 11781577)
J Exp Med. 1973 May 1;137(5):1142-62. (PMID: 4573839)
Immunity. 2015 Dec 15;43(6):1199-211. (PMID: 26682989)
Nat Immunol. 2018 Jul;19(7):674-684. (PMID: 29925982)
Transpl Int. 2018 Mar;31(3):278-290. (PMID: 29363220)
Nature. 2016 Mar 24;531(7595):523-527. (PMID: 26982722)
Science. 2015 Apr 3;348(6230):56-61. (PMID: 25838373)
Science. 1996 Mar 22;271(5256):1734-6. (PMID: 8596936)
Immunol Rev. 2013 Jul;254(1):225-44. (PMID: 23772623)
Am J Med. 1968 Apr;44(4):499-513. (PMID: 4171085)

R38 AI140299 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS; U19 AI057229 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS; U19 AI057266 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS; U19 AI090023 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS

0 (Vaccines)

Date Created: 20200925 Date Completed: 20201204 Latest Revision: 20240806

20240806

PMC7872131

10.1126/science.aay4014

32973003