Impacts of Petroleum Fuels on Fertilization and Development of the Antarctic Sea Urchin Sterechinus neumayeri.

Publisher: SETAC Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8308958 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1552-8618 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07307268 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Toxicol Chem Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: Pensacola, FL : SETAC Press
Original Publication: New York : Pergamon Press, c1982-

Fertilization/*drug effects ; Fuel Oils/*toxicity ; Petroleum/*toxicity ; Sea Urchins/*embryology ; Sea Urchins/*physiology; Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; Embryonic Development/drug effects ; Hydrocarbons/toxicity ; Larva/drug effects ; Petroleum Pollution ; Sea Urchins/drug effects ; Toxicity Tests ; Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity

Antarctic marine environments are at risk from petroleum fuel spills as shipping activities in the Southern Ocean increase. Knowledge of the sensitivity of Antarctic species to fuels under environmentally realistic exposure conditions is lacking. We determined the toxicity of 3 fuels, Special Antarctic Blend diesel (SAB), marine gas oil (MGO), and intermediate fuel oil (IFO 180) to a common Antarctic sea urchin, Sterechinus neumayeri. Sensitivity was estimated for early developmental stages from fertilization to the early 4-arm pluteus in toxicity tests of up to 24 d duration. The effects of the water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of fuels were investigated under different exposure scenarios to determine the relative sensitivity of stages and of different exposure regimes. Sensitivity to fuel WAFs increased through development. Both MGO and IFO 180 were more toxic than SAB, with median effect concentration values for the most sensitive pluteus stage of 3.5, 6.5, and 252 µg/L total hydrocarbon content, respectively. Exposure to a single pulse during fertilization and early embryonic development showed toxicity patterns similar to those observed from continuous exposure. The results show that exposure to fuel WAFs during critical early life stages affects the subsequent viability of larvae, with consequent implications for reproductive success. The sensitivity estimates for S. neumayeri that we generated can be utilized in risk assessments for the management of Antarctic marine ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2527-2539. © 2020 SETAC.
(© 2020 SETAC.)

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3054 International Australian Antarctic Division

Keywords: Echinoid; Invertebrate toxicology; Larval; Marine toxicity tests; Oil spills; Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons

0 (Fuel Oils)
0 (Hydrocarbons)
0 (Petroleum)
0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
059QF0KO0R (Water)

Date Created: 20200918 Date Completed: 20210204 Latest Revision: 20210204

20240829

10.1002/etc.4878

32946126