Comprehensive treatments of tungsten slags in China: A critical review.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0401664 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-8630 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03014797 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Environ Manage Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: London ; New York, Academic Press.
    • Subject Terms:
      Arsenic* ; Tungsten*; China ; Metals ; Mining
    • Abstract:
      As a critical and strategic metal, tungsten is widely used in the fields of machinery, mining and military industry. With most of the tungsten resources reserves in the world, China is the largest producer and exporter of tungsten. This has resulted in the generation of a huge amount of tungsten slag (slag) stored in China. This slag always contains not only valuable elements, such as tungsten (W), scandium (Sc), tin (Sn), niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta), but also toxic elements, such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and mercury (Hg). Due to a lack of developed technologies, most of these slags cannot be treated safely, which results in a waste of resources and serious environmental and ecological risks. In this review we briefly describe the distribution and proportion of tungsten deposits in China, the tungsten extraction process and the properties of tungsten slag. We also mainly discuss the comprehensive treatments for the valuable and toxic slag, including the amounts of valuable metal elements that can be recovered and the stabilization of toxic elements. These aspects are summarized in a comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. In particular, we focus on the efforts to analyze the relationship between the existing processes and attempts to establish a comprehensive technology to treat tungsten slag and also suggest areas for future research.
      Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
      (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Hydrometallurgy; Pyrometallurgy; Recycle; Stabilization; Treatments; Tungsten slag
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Metals)
      N712M78A8G (Arsenic)
      V9306CXO6G (Tungsten)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20200730 Date Completed: 20200730 Latest Revision: 20200730
    • Publication Date:
      20221213
    • Accession Number:
      10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110927
    • Accession Number:
      32721352