Production of high-purity galacto-oligosaccharides by depleting glucose and lactose from galacto-oligosaccharide syrup with yeasts.

Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8607637 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1097-0061 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0749503X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Yeast Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Chichester ; New York : Wiley, c1985-

Fermentation*; Candida/*metabolism ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Kluyveromyces/*metabolism ; Lactose/*metabolism ; Oligosaccharides/*analysis ; Oligosaccharides/*biosynthesis; Dietary Sugars/analysis ; Oligosaccharides/chemistry ; Prebiotics

Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic compounds, widely used as ingredients in various food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. Enzymatic synthesis of GOS results in low-purity products that contain high amounts of glucose and lactose beside the valuable GOS. In this study, a systematic approach was used to develop yeast-based fermentation strategies to purify crude GOS. Potentially applicable yeast strains were identified based on an extensive search in literature databases followed by a series of laboratory-scale fermentation tests. Single- and two-step fermentation processes were designed for the removal of glucose alone or together with lactose from crude GOS syrup. Single-step fermentation trials with two strains of previously unreported species, Cyberlindnera jadinii NCAIM Y.00499 and Kluyveromyces nonfermentans NCAIM Y.01443, resulted in purified products free of both glucose and ethanol from a crude GOS syrup diluted to 15 and 10 w/v%, respectively. Simultaneous removal of glucose and lactose was achieved by Kluyveromyces marxianus DMB Km-RK in a single-step fermentation process with a yield of 97.5% and final purity of 100%. A two-step fermentation approach was designed to allow conversion of a glucose-free product into a high-purity GOS by removing glucose with C. jadinii Y.00499 in the first step, and lactose by Kluyveromyces lactis DMB Kl-RK in the second step, resulting in a final product with a yield of 100% and a final purity of 92.1%. These results indicate that the selected nonconventional yeasts are promising candidates for the removal of non-GOS components from commercial crude GOS products by selective fermentation.
(© 2020 The Authors. Yeast published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Barnett, J. A., Payne, R. W., & Yarrow, D. (1990). Yeasts: Characteristics and identification (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Braga, A. R. C., Gomes, P. A., & Kalil, S. J. (2012). Formulation of culture medium with agroindustrial waste for β-galactosidase production from Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC 16045. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 5(5), 1,653-1,663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-011-0511-0.
Buerth, C., Tielker, D., & Ernst, J. F. (2016). Candida utilis and Cyberlindnera (Pichia) jadinii: yeast relatives with expanding applications. In Applied microbiology and biotechnology (Vol. 100) (pp. 6981-6,990). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7700-8.
Campos, J. M., Stamford, T. L. M., & Sarubbo, L. A. (2014). Production of a bioemulsifier with potential application in the food industry. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 172(6), 3234-3252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-0761-1.
Cheng, C. C., Yu, M. C., Cheng, T. C., Sheu, D. C., Duan, K. J., & Tai, W. L. (2006). Production of high-content galacto-oligosaccharide by enzyme catalysis and fermentation with Kluyveromyces marxianus. Biotechnology Letters, 28(11), 793-797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-006-9002-1.
Cosentino, S., Fadda, M. E., Deplano, M., Mulargia, A. F., & Palmas, F. (2001). Yeasts associated with Sardinian ewe's dairy products. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 69, 53-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00572-4.
Coulier, L., Timmermans, J., Richard, B., van den Dool, R., Haaksman, I., Klarenbeek, B., … van Dongen, W. (2009). In-depth characterization of prebiotic galactooligosaccharides by a combination of analytical techniques. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(18), 8,488-8,495. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf902549e.
EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ). (2012). Scientific opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS biological agents intentionally added to food and feed (2012 update) 1 (Vol. 10, Issue 12). https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.3020.
Gänzle, M. G. (2012). Enzymatic synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides and other lactose derivatives (hetero-oligosaccharides) from lactose. International Dairy Journal, 22(2), 116-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.06.010.
Giacomelli, S., Manoni, M., Cipoletti, G., Biagiolini, S., Vagnoli, L., & Chini, J. (2015). United States Patent US 9,200,303 B2.
González-Siso, M. I., Freire-Picos, M. A., Ramil, E., González-Domínguez, M., Torres, A. R., & Cerdán, M. E. (2000). Respirofermentative metabolism in Kluyveromyces lactis: insights and perspectives. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 26(2000), 699-705. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(00)00161-7.
Gosling, A., Stevens, G. W., Barber, A. R., Kentish, S. E., & Gras, S. L. (2010). Recent advances refining galactooligosaccharide production from lactose. Food Chemistry, 121(2), 307-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.12.063.
Goulas, A., Tzortzis, G., & Gibson, G. R. (2007). Development of a process for the production and purification of α- and β-galactooligosaccharides from Bifidobacterium bifidum NCIMB 41171. International Dairy Journal, 17(6), 648-656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.08.010.
Grubb, C. F., & Mawson, A. J. (1993). Effects of elevated solute concentrations on the fermentation of lactose by Kluyveromyces marxianus Y-113. Biotechnology Letters, 15(6), 621-626. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138552.
Guerrero, C., Vera, C., Novoa, C., Dumont, J., Acevedo, F., & Illanes, A. (2014). Purification of highly concentrated galacto-oligosaccharide preparations by selective fermentation with yeasts. International Dairy Journal, 39(1), 78-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.05.011.
Hernández, O., Ruiz-Matute, A. I., Olano, A., Moreno, F. J., & Sanz, M. L. (2009). Comparison of fractionation techniques to obtain prebiotic galactooligosaccharides. International Dairy Journal, 19(9), 531-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.03.002.
Kovács, Z., Benjamins, E., Grau, K., Ur Rehman, A., Ebrahimi, M., & Czermak, P. (2013). Recent developments in manufacturing oligosaccharides with prebiotic functions. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, 143, 257-295. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2013_237.
Kurtzman, C. P., Fell, J. W., & Boekhout, T. (Eds.) (2011a). The yeasts, a taxonomic study (5th ed., Vol. 1). Elsevier.
Kurtzman, C. P., Fell, J. W., & Boekhout, T. (Eds.) (2011b). The yeasts, a taxonomic study (5th ed., Vol. 2). Elsevier.
Kurtzman, C. P., Fell, J. W., & Boekhout, T. (Eds.) (2011c). The yeasts, a taxonomic study (5th ed., Vol. 3). Elsevier.
Lane, M. M., Burke, N., Karreman, R., Wolfe, K. H., O'Byrne, C. P., & Morrissey, J. P. (2011). Physiological and metabolic diversity in the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology, 100(4), 507-519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-011-9606-x.
Lane, M. M., & Morrissey, J. P. (2010). Kluyveromyces marxianus: A yeast emerging from its sister's shadow. Fungal Biology Reviews, 24(1-2), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2010.01.001.
Li, Z., Xiao, M., Lu, L., & Li, Y. (2008). Production of non-monosaccharide and high-purity galactooligosaccharides by immobilized enzyme catalysis and fermentation with immobilized yeast cells. Process Biochemistry, 43(8), 896-899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2008.04.016.
Lodi, T., & Donnini, C. (2005). Lactose-induced cell death of β-galactosidase mutants in Kluyveromyces lactis. FEMS Yeast Research, 5(8), 727-734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsyr.2005.01.005.
Manera, A. P., da Costa Ores, J., Ribeiro, V. A., André, C., Burkert, V., & Kalil, S. J. (2008). Optimization of the culture medium for the production of b-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 7082. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 46(1), 66-72.
Nagahama, T., Hamamoto, M., Nakase', T., & Horikoshil, K. (1999). Kluyveromyces nonferrnentans sp. nov., a new yeast species isolated from the deep sea. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 49, 1899-1905. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-49-4-1899.
Panesar, P. S., Kaur, R., Singh, R. S., & Kennedy, J. F. (2018). Biocatalytic strategies in the production of galacto-oligosaccharides and its global status. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 111, 667-679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.062.
Park, A.-R., & Oh, D.-K. (2010). Galacto-oligosaccharide production using microbial β-galactosidase: current state and perspectives. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 85(5), 1,279-1,286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-2356-2.
Pázmándi, M., Maráz, A., Ladányi, M., & Kovács, Z. (2018). The impact of membrane pretreatment on the enzymatic production of whey-derived galacto-oligosaccharides. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 41(2), 1-11, e12649. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12649.
Sako, T., Matsumoto, K., & Tanaka, R. (1999). Recent progress on research and applications of non-digestible galacto-oligosaccharides. International Dairy Journal, 9(1), 69-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(99)00046-1.
Sangwan, V., Tomar, S. K., Singh, R. R. B., Singh, A. K., & Ali, B. (2011). Galactooligosaccharides: Novel components of designer foods. Journal of Food Science, 76(4), R103-R111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02131.x.
Santibáñez, L., Guerrero, C., & Illanes, A. (2017). Raw galacto-oligosaccharide purification by consecutive lactose hydrolysis and selective bioconversion. International Dairy Journal, 75, 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.07.008.
Saravanan, R., Shubethar, S., Narayanan, S., Jain, M., Lade, S., Jadhav, D., … Dubey, A. K. (2017). A novel process for the production of high-purity galactooligosaccharides (GOS) using consortium of microbes. Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 47(3), 245-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2016.1207082.
Scotta, F., Vera, C., & Conejeros, R. (2016). Technical and economic analysis of industrial production of lactose-derived prebiotics with focus on galacto-oligosaccharides. In Lactose-derived prebiotics: A process perspective (pp. 261-284). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802724-0.00007-X.
Steensels, J., Daenen, L., Malcorps, P., Derdelinckx, G., Verachtert, H., & Verstrepen, K. J. (2015). Brettanomyces yeasts-From spoilage organisms to valuable contributors to industrial fermentations. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 206, 24-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.04.005.
Sun, H., You, S., Wang, M., Qi, W., Su, R., & He, Z. (2016). Recyclable strategy for the production of high-purity galacto-oligosaccharides by Kluyveromyces lactis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64(28), 5,679-5,685. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01531.
Torres, D. P. M., do Goncalves, M. P. F., Teixeira, J. A., & Rodrigues, L. R. (2010). Galacto-oligosaccharides: Production, properties, applications, and significance as prebiotics. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 9, 438-454. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00119.x.
van Leeuwen, S. S., Kuipers, B. J. H., Dijkhuizen, L., & Kamerling, J. P. (2016). Comparative structural characterization of 7 commercial galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) products. Carbohydrate Research, 425, 48-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2016.03.006.
Vasdinyei, R., & Deák, T. (2003). Characterization of yeast isolates originating from Hungarian dairy products using traditional and molecular identification techniques. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 86(1-2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00251-4.
Wilson, B., & Whelan, K. (2017). Prebiotic inulin-type fructans and galacto-oligosaccharides: Definition, specificity, function, and application in gastrointestinal disorders. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia), 32, 64-68. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13700.
Wisniewski, L., Pereira, C. S. M., Polakovic, M., & Rodrigues, A. E. (2014). Chromatographic separation of prebiotic oligosaccharides. Case study: Separation of galacto-oligosaccharides on a cation exchanger. Adsorption-Journal of the International Adsorption Society, 20, 483-492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-013-9587-3.
Yönten, V. (2013). Detectı˙ng optimum and cost-efficient of microbial growth rate and lactose consumption of Kluyveromyces lactis Y-8279 using RSM. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 8(3), 1023-1035.

Keywords: Cyberlindnera jadinii (Candida utilis); Kluyveromyces spp; galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS); purification; selective fermentation

0 (Dietary Sugars)
0 (Oligosaccharides)
0 (Prebiotics)
IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
J2B2A4N98G (Lactose)

Kluyveromyces nonfermentans

Date Created: 20200701 Date Completed: 20210909 Latest Revision: 20210909

20240829

10.1002/yea.3507

32602234