Influence of Vehicular Emissions (NO, NO 2 , CO and NMHCs) on the Mixing Ratio of Atmospheric Ammonia (NH 3 ) in Delhi, India.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Springer-Verlag Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0357245 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-0703 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00904341 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Arch Environ Contam Toxicol Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: New York, Springer-Verlag.
    • Subject Terms:
      Air Pollutants/*analysis ; Ammonia/*analysis ; Carbon Monoxide/*analysis ; Environmental Monitoring/*methods ; Hydrocarbons/*analysis ; Nitrogen Oxides/*analysis ; Vehicle Emissions/*analysis; Cities ; India ; Nitric Oxide/analysis ; Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis ; Seasons
    • Abstract:
      Mixing ratios of atmospheric ammonia (NH 3 ), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), and methane (CH 4 ) were measured to investigate the vehicular emissions, which are a dominant source of atmospheric NH 3 in urban sites of Delhi, India from January 2013 to December 2014. The annual average mixing ratios of NH 3 , NO, CO, NMHCs, and CH 4 were 21.2 ± 2.1 ppb, 21.2 ± 6.1 ppb, 1.89 ± 0.18 ppm, 0.67 ± 0.21 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.53 ppm, respectively. Considering NO as a tracer of vehicular plume, ambient NH 3 was correlated with NO during peak traffic hour in the morning (7:00-10:00 h) and evening (17:00-19:00 h) and observed significant positive correlation between them. Result reveals that the mixing ratio of atmospheric NH 3 significantly positive correlated with traffic related pollutants (NO, CO, and NHHCs) during all the seasons (winter, summer, and monsoon). During winter, the average mixing ratio of atmospheric NH 3 was increased by 1.2-3.5 ppb in the morning peak hour, whereas increased by 0.3-1.6 ppb in the evening peak hour. Similarly, an increase in NH 3 mixing ratio was observed during summer (morning: 1.2-2.7 ppb and evening: 1.5-1.6 ppb) and monsoon (morning: 0.4-3.6 ppb and evening: 0.9-1.4 ppb) seasons. The results emphasized that the traffic could be one of the dominant source of ambient NH 3 at the urban site of Delhi, as illustrated by positive relationships of NH 3 with traffic related co-pollutants (NO, CO and NMHCs).
    • Grant Information:
      Grant No.: SR/S4/AS:12/2008 Department of Science and Technology, Government of India
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Air Pollutants)
      0 (Hydrocarbons)
      0 (Nitrogen Oxides)
      0 (Vehicle Emissions)
      31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
      7664-41-7 (Ammonia)
      7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide)
      S7G510RUBH (Nitrogen Dioxide)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20191214 Date Completed: 20200311 Latest Revision: 20200311
    • Publication Date:
      20231215
    • Accession Number:
      10.1007/s00244-019-00689-8
    • Accession Number:
      31832738