Calreticulin and Galectin-3 Opsonise Bacteria for Phagocytosis by Microglia.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101560960 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1664-3224 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16643224 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: [Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation]
    • Subject Terms:
      Calreticulin/*immunology ; Escherichia coli Infections/*immunology ; Galectin 3/*immunology ; Microglia/*immunology ; Opsonin Proteins/*immunology; Animals ; Brain/immunology ; Escherichia coli/immunology ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; Mice ; Phagocytosis/immunology ; Rats
    • Abstract:
      Opsonins are soluble, extracellular proteins, released by activated immune cells, and when bound to a target cell, can induce phagocytes to phagocytose the target cell. There are three known classes of opsonin: antibodies, complement factors and secreted pattern recognition receptors, but these have limited access to the brain. We identify here two novel opsonins of bacteria, calreticulin, and galectin-3 (both lectins that can bind lipopolysaccharide), which were released by microglia (brain-resident macrophages) when activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Calreticulin and galectin-3 both bound to Escherichia coli , and when bound increased phagocytosis of these bacteria by microglia. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial phagocytosis of E. coli bacteria was partially inhibited by: sugars, an anti-calreticulin antibody, a blocker of the calreticulin phagocytic receptor LRP1, a blocker of the galectin-3 phagocytic receptor MerTK, or simply removing factors released from the microglia, indicating this phagocytosis is dependent on extracellular calreticulin and galectin-3. Thus, calreticulin and galectin-3 are opsonins, released by activated microglia to promote clearance of bacteria. This innate immune response of microglia may help clear bacterial infections of the brain.
      (Copyright © 2019 Cockram, Puigdellívol and Brown.)
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    • Grant Information:
      MR/L010593/1 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council; United Kingdom BB_ Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: LRP1; MerTK; bacteria; calreticulin; galectin-3; microglia; opsonin
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Calreticulin)
      0 (Galectin 3)
      0 (Opsonin Proteins)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20191130 Date Completed: 20201110 Latest Revision: 20210317
    • Publication Date:
      20221213
    • Accession Number:
      PMC6861381
    • Accession Number:
      10.3389/fimmu.2019.02647
    • Accession Number:
      31781126