Three-Dimensional Territory and Depth of the Corrugator Supercilii: Application to Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection.

Publisher: Alan R. Liss, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8809128 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1098-2353 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08973806 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Clin Anat Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: New York : Alan R. Liss, Inc., [c1988-

Eye/*anatomy & histology ; Eyebrows/*anatomy & histology ; Facial Muscles/*anatomy & histology ; Forehead/*anatomy & histology; Aged ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage ; Cadaver ; Eye/diagnostic imaging ; Eyebrows/diagnostic imaging ; Facial Muscles/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Forehead/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male

This study aimed to determine the three-dimensional (3D) territory and depth of the corrugator supercilii muscle (CSM) using a 3D structured-light scanner. Thirty-two hemifaces from Korean and Thai embalmed cadavers were used in this study, and 35 healthy young Korean subjects also participated. A 3D analysis of the CSM territory and depth was performed using a structured-light 3D scanner. The most frequently observed locations of the CSM identified in the cadaver were confirmed in healthy young subjects using a real-time two-dimensional B-mode ultrasonography system. The CSM was present in all of the cadavers and healthy young subjects at the intersection point between the vertical line passing through the medial canthus and the horizontal line passing through the glabella (Point #6). The CSM was located on the medial side of the lateral limbus in most cases. The most-medial and most-lateral origin points were at depths of 5.7 ± 1.4 mm (mean ± SD) and 6.6 ± 1.4 mm, respectively; the corresponding depths of the insertion points were 5.4 ± 1.4 mm and 5.6 ± 2.1 mm, respectively. The origin and insertion points of the CSM were at similar depths. The injection depth should be around 4 mm for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections into the CSM. Point #6 could be regarded as an effective target point for managing the glabellar frown line and preventing palpebral ptosis when injecting BoNT into the CSM. Clin. Anat., 33:795-803, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
(© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

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NRF-2019R1C1C1008813 Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); NRF-2017R1A2B4003781 National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)

Keywords: botulinum neurotoxin; corrugator supercilii; three-dimensional territory

EC 3.4.24.69 (Botulinum Toxins, Type A)

Date Created: 20191023 Date Completed: 20201008 Latest Revision: 20201008

20231215

10.1002/ca.23507

31637771