SOX2 promotes hypoxia-induced breast cancer cell migration by inducing NEDD9 expression and subsequent activation of Rac1/HIF-1α signaling.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9607427 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1689-1392 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14258153 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cell Mol Biol Lett Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: 2016- : London : BioMed Central
      Original Publication: Wrocław, Poland : Dept. of Genetic Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Wrocław, 1996-
    • Subject Terms:
      Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/*genetics ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors/*genetics ; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/*genetics; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Hypoxia ; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
    • Abstract:
      Background: Hypoxia, a major condition associated with the tumor microenvironment, stimulates the migration of cancer cells. SOX2 is a powerful transcription factor that shows higher expression in several cancers, however, its role in hypoxia-induced breast cancer cell migration remains largely elusive.
      Methods: The human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 were cultured under hypoxic conditions. The cell migration rate was determined using the wound-healing and transwell assays. The protein levels of SOX2, NEDD9 and HIF-1α were evaluated via western blotting analysis. The NEDD9 mRNA levels were evaluated using qPCR. The activation of Rac1 was detected with the pulldown assay. The binding of SOX2 to the NEDD9 promoter was checked using the luciferase reporter assay. We also transfected breast cancer cells with specific siRNA for SOX2, NEDD9 or the Rac1 inactive mutant (T17 N) to investigate the role of SOX2, NEDD9 and Rac1 in the response to hypoxia.
      Results: Hypoxia markedly increased SOX2 protein levels in a time-dependent manner. SiRNA-mediated disruption of SOX2 inhibited cell migration under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia also significantly augmented the NEDD9 mRNA and protein levels. Interestingly, SOX2 is a positive transcriptional regulator of NEDD9. Knockdown of SOX2 inhibited hypoxia-induced NEDD9 mRNA and protein expressions. Furthermore, hypoxia-induced upregulation of Rac1 activity and HIF-1α expression was attenuated by SOX2 or NEDD9 silencing, and Rac1-T17 N abolished HIF-1α expression as well as cell migration in cells subjected to hypoxia.
      Conclusions: Our results highlight the essential role of SOX2 in breast cancer cell motility. The upregulation of SOX2 under hypoxic conditions may facilitate NEDD9 transcription and expression, and subsequent activation of Rac1 and HIF-1α expression. This could accelerate breast cancer cell migration.
      Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Breast cancer cells; Hypoxia; Migration; NEDD9; SOX2
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing)
      0 (HIF1A protein, human)
      0 (Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit)
      0 (NEDD9 protein, human)
      0 (RAC1 protein, human)
      0 (SOX2 protein, human)
      0 (SOXB1 Transcription Factors)
      EC 3.6.5.2 (rac1 GTP-Binding Protein)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20190830 Date Completed: 20200406 Latest Revision: 20220410
    • Publication Date:
      20240829
    • Accession Number:
      PMC6704701
    • Accession Number:
      10.1186/s11658-019-0180-y
    • Accession Number:
      31462898