Discovery of Alpha-Gal-Containing Antigens in North American Tick Species Believed to Induce Red Meat Allergy.

Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101560960 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1664-3224 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16643224 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: [Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation]

Allergens/*immunology ; Food Hypersensitivity/*immunology ; Galactose/*immunology ; Red Meat/*analysis ; Salivary Glands/*metabolism ; Tick-Borne Diseases/*immunology ; Ticks/*immunology; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E/metabolism ; Saliva/immunology ; Salivary Glands/pathology

Development of specific IgE antibodies to the oligosaccharide galactose-α-1, 3-galactose (α-gal) following tick bites has been shown to be the source of red meat allergy. In this study, we investigated the presence of α-gal in four tick species: the lone-star tick ( Amblyomma americanum ), the Gulf-Coast tick ( Amblyomma maculatum ), the American dog tick ( Dermacentor variabilis ), and the black-legged tick ( Ixodes scapularis ) by using a combination of immunoproteomic approach and, carbohydrate analysis. Anti-α-gal antibodies identified α-gal in the salivary glands of both Am. americanum and Ix. scapularis , while Am. maculatum and De. variabilis appeared to lack the carbohydrate. PNGase F treatment confirmed the deglycosylation of N-linked α-gal-containing proteins in tick salivary glands. Immunolocalization of α-gal moieties to the salivary secretory vesicles of the salivary acini also confirmed the secretory nature of α-gal-containing antigens in ticks. Am. americanum ticks were fed on human blood (lacks α-gal) using a silicone membrane system to determine the source of the α-gal. N-linked glycan analysis revealed that Am. americanum and Ix. scapularis have α-gal in their saliva and salivary glands, but Am. maculatum contains no detectable quantity. Consistent with the glycan analysis, salivary samples from Am. americanum and Ix. scapularis stimulated activation of basophils primed with plasma from α-gal allergic subjects. Together, these data support the idea that bites from certain tick species may specifically create a risk for the development of α-gal-specific IgE and hypersensitivity reactions in humans. Alpha-Gal syndrome challenges the current food allergy paradigm and broadens opportunities for future research.

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P20 GM103476 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS; P20 RR016476 United States RR NCRR NIH HHS; R01 AI135049 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS; S10 OD018530 United States OD NIH HHS

Keywords: Amblyomma americanum; Ixodes scapularis; glycans; red meat allergy; saliva; salivary glands; ticks; α-gal

0 (Allergens)
37341-29-0 (Immunoglobulin E)
X2RN3Q8DNE (Galactose)

red meat allergy

Date Created: 20190604 Date Completed: 20200930 Latest Revision: 20200930

20231215

PMC6533943

10.3389/fimmu.2019.01056

31156631