A measure of cognitions specific to seasonal depression: Development and validation of the Seasonal Beliefs Questionnaire.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: American Psychological Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8915253 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1939-134X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10403590 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Psychol Assess Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Arlington, VA : American Psychological Association, [c1989-
    • Subject Terms:
      Cognition/*physiology ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/*methods ; Phototherapy/*methods ; Seasonal Affective Disorder/*diagnosis ; Seasonal Affective Disorder/*therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires/*statistics & numerical data; Adolescent ; Attitude to Health ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seasonal Affective Disorder/psychology ; Self Report ; Surveys and Questionnaires/standards ; Treatment Outcome
    • Abstract:
      We introduce the Seasonal Beliefs Questionnaire (SBQ), a self-report inventory of maladaptive thoughts about the seasons, light availability, and weather conditions, proposed to constitute a unique cognitive vulnerability to winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD; Rohan, Roecklein, & Haaga, 2009). Potential items were derived from a qualitative analysis of self-reported thoughts during SAD-tailored cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT-SAD) and subsequently refined based on qualitative feedback from 48 SAD patients. In the psychometric study (N = 536 college students), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses pruned the items to a 26-item scale with a 5-factor solution, demonstrating good internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity, and 2-week test-retest reliability. In a known groups comparison, the SBQ discriminated SAD patients (n = 86) from both nonseasonal major depressive disorder (MDD) patients (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 110), whereas a generic measure of depressogenic cognitive vulnerability (the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale [DAS]) discriminated MDD patients from the other groups. In a randomized clinical trial comparing CBT-SAD with light therapy (N = 177), SBQ scores improved at twice the rate in CBT-SAD than in light therapy. Greater change in SBQ scores during CBT-SAD, but not during light therapy, was associated with a lower risk of depression recurrence 2 winters later. In contrast, DAS scores improved comparably during CBT-SAD and light therapy, and DAS change was unrelated to recurrence following either treatment. These results support using the SBQ as a brief assessment tool for a SAD-specific cognitive vulnerability and as a treatment target in CBT-SAD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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    • Grant Information:
      R01 MH078982 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; National Institute of Mental Health
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20190329 Date Completed: 20191104 Latest Revision: 20240331
    • Publication Date:
      20240331
    • Accession Number:
      PMC7988399
    • Accession Number:
      10.1037/pas0000715
    • Accession Number:
      30920245