Functional screening for triclosan resistance in a wastewater metagenome and isolates of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. from a large Canadian healthcare region.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
    • Subject Terms:
      Drug Resistance, Bacterial* ; Enterococcus faecalis*/genetics ; Enterococcus faecalis*/growth & development ; Enterococcus faecalis*/isolation & purification ; Enterococcus faecium*/genetics ; Enterococcus faecium*/growth & development ; Enterococcus faecium*/isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli*/genetics ; Escherichia coli*/growth & development ; Escherichia coli*/isolation & purification ; Metagenome* ; Water Microbiology*; Triclosan/*pharmacology ; Wastewater/*microbiology; Canada
    • Abstract:
      The biocide triclosan is in many consumer products and is a frequent contaminant of wastewater (WW) such that there is concern that triclosan promotes resistance to important antibiotics. This study identified functional mechanisms of triclosan resistance (TCSR) in WW metagenomes, and assessed the frequency of TCSR in WW-derived and clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. Metagenomic DNA extracted from WW was used to profile the microbiome and construct large-insert cosmid libraries, which were screened for TCSR. Resistant cosmids were sequenced and the TCSR determinant identified by transposon mutagenesis. Wastewater Enterococcus spp. (N = 94) and E. coli (N = 99) and clinical Enterococcus spp. (N = 146) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VRE; N = 149) were collected and tested for resistance to triclosan and a comprehensive drug panel. Functional metagenomic screening revealed diverse FabV homologs as major WW TCSR determinants. Resistant clones harboured sequences likely originating from Aeromonas spp., a common WW microbe. The triclosan MIC90s for E. coli, E. faecalis, and E. faecium isolates were 0.125, 32, and 32 mg/L, respectively. For E. coli, there was no correlation between the triclosan MIC and any drug tested. Negative correlations were detected between the triclosan MIC and levofloxacin resistance for E. faecalis, and between triclosan and vancomycin, teicoplanin, and ampicillin resistance for E. faecium. Thus, FabV homologs were the major contributor to the WW triclosan resistome and high-level TCSR was not observed in WW or clinical isolates. Elevated triclosan MICs were not positively correlated with antimicrobial resistance to any drug tested.
      Competing Interests: Calgary Laboratory Services provided support in the form of salaries for D.L.C. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products associated with this research to declare. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
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    • Accession Number:
      0 (Waste Water)
      4NM5039Y5X (Triclosan)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20190125 Date Completed: 20191023 Latest Revision: 20221207
    • Publication Date:
      20221213
    • Accession Number:
      PMC6345445
    • Accession Number:
      10.1371/journal.pone.0211144
    • Accession Number:
      30677104