BAMLET kills chemotherapy-resistant mesothelioma cells, holding oleic acid in an activated cytotoxic state.

Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science

Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/*drug effects ; Lactalbumin/*pharmacology ; Lung Neoplasms/*pathology ; Mesothelioma/*pathology ; Oleic Acid/*pharmacology; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane/drug effects ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lactalbumin/chemistry ; Mesothelioma, Malignant ; Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Oleic Acid/chemistry

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Here we have investigated in vitro efficacy of BAMLET and BLAGLET complexes (anti-cancer complexes consisting of oleic acid and bovine α-lactalbumin or β-lactoglobulin respectively) in killing mesothelioma cells, determined BAMLET and BLAGLET structures, and investigated possible biological mechanisms. We performed cell viability assays on 16 mesothelioma cell lines. BAMLET and BLAGLET having increasing oleic acid content inhibited human and rat mesothelioma cell line proliferation at decreasing doses. Most of the non-cancer primary human fibroblasts were more resistant to BAMLET than were human mesothelioma cells. BAMLET showed similar cytotoxicity to cisplatin-resistant, pemetrexed-resistant, vinorelbine-resistant, and parental rat mesothelioma cells, indicating the BAMLET anti-cancer mechanism may be different to drugs currently used to treat mesothelioma. Cisplatin, pemetrexed, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and BAMLET, did not demonstrate a therapeutic window for mesothelioma compared with immortalised non-cancer mesothelial cells. We demonstrated by quantitative PCR that ATP synthase is downregulated in mesothelioma cells in response to regular dosing with BAMLET. We sought structural insight for BAMLET and BLAGLET activity by performing small angle X-ray scattering, circular dichroism, and scanning electron microscopy. Our results indicate the structural mechanism by which BAMLET and BLAGLET achieve increased cytotoxicity by holding increasing amounts of oleic acid in an active cytotoxic state encapsulated in increasingly unfolded protein. Our structural studies revealed similarity in the molecular structure of the protein components of these two complexes and in their encapsulation of the fatty acid, and differences in the microscopic structure and structural stability. BAMLET forms rounded aggregates and BLAGLET forms long fibre-like aggregates whose aggregation is more stable than that of BAMLET due to intermolecular disulphide bonds. The results reported here indicate that BAMLET and BLAGLET may be effective second-line treatment options for mesothelioma.
Competing Interests: WBC is associated with the following patent application relating to small peptides and related compounds in the treatment of human disease [Entitled: Method of screening for inhibitors of sPLA2-IIA, International Patent Application PCT/AU2011/000781]. GR is an inventor on a patent (US patent 9006200) owned by the Asbestos Diseases Research Foundation involving a microRNA-based approach for treating malignant pleural mesothelioma. All other authors declare no potential competing financial, non-financial, professional, or personal interests relating to this manuscript. These disclosures do not alter our adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

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0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
0 (BAMLET complex, Bos taurus)
2UMI9U37CP (Oleic Acid)
9013-90-5 (Lactalbumin)
EC 3.6.3.- (Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases)

Date Created: 20180830 Date Completed: 20190208 Latest Revision: 20230928

20230928

PMC6114908

10.1371/journal.pone.0203003

30157247