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Molecular characterization of neuropeptide elevenin and two elevenin receptors, IsElevR1 and IsElevR2, from the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis.
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- Author(s): Kim D;Kim D; Šimo L; Šimo L; Park Y; Park Y
- Source:
Insect biochemistry and molecular biology [Insect Biochem Mol Biol] 2018 Oct; Vol. 101, pp. 66-75. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jul 31.
- Publication Type:
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
- Language:
English
- Additional Information
- Source:
Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9207282 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0240 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09651748 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Insect Biochem Mol Biol Subsets: MEDLINE
- Publication Information:
Publication: <2003->: Amsterdam : Elsevier Science
Original Publication: Oxford [England] ; New York : Pergamon Press, c1992-
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract:
Understanding salivation in hematophagous arthropod vectors is crucial to developing novel methods to prevent vector-borne disease transmission. The interactions between the tick, host, and pathogens during salivation are highly complex, and are dynamically regulated by the tick central nervous system (synganglion). Recently, tick salivary modulation via neuropeptides was highlighted by mapping neuropeptidergic cells in the synganglion and salivary glands in hard ticks. In this study, we characterized the role of a novel neuropeptide, elevenin (IsElev), and its receptors (IsElevR1 and IsElevR2) in the innervation of the salivary glands from Ixodes scapularis female ticks. Homology-based BLAST searches of the I. scapularis genome and Sequence Read Archive (SRA), followed by gene cloning, identified candidate genes: IsElev, IsElevR1, and IsElevR2. The IsElev candidate contained common elevenin features: a signal peptide immediately before an elevenin precursor and two cysteines. During functional assays, synthetic IsElev efficiently activated both IsElevR1 and IsElevR2, as indicated by elevated calcium mobilization. IsElevR1 (EC 50 : 0.01 nM) was about 560 times more sensitive to synthetic IsElev than IsElevR2 (EC 50 : 5.59 nM). Immunoreactivity (IR) for IsElev and IsElevR1 was detected as a complex neuronal projection and several neurons in the synganglion. In salivary glands, IsElev-IR was detected in an axonal projection on the surface of the main salivary duct and in axon terminals within type II/III salivary gland acini, which are colocalized with SIFamide-IR. IsElevR1-IR was detected on the luminal surface of both type II/III acini. IsElev transcript levels were high in the synganglion and reached a peak at day 5 post-blood feeding. Salivary glands expressed IsElevR1, which gradually increased over the course of blood feeding until repletion. Here, we propose that IsElev and IsElevR1, localized in salivary gland acini types II/III, are likely involved in tick salivary secretion in the rapid engorgement phase of tick feeding. In addition, we also provide the evidences for IsElev action on the ovary by showing IsElevR1-IR and IsElevR2-IR on the surface of ovary.
(Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Grant Information:
R01 AI090062 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS; R21 AI081136 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS
- Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: Deorphanization; GPCR; Neuropeptide; Salivary gland
- Accession Number:
0 (Arthropod Proteins)
0 (Neuropeptides)
0 (Protein Sorting Signals)
0 (Receptors, Neuropeptide)
0 (Recombinant Proteins)
SY7Q814VUP (Calcium)
- Publication Date:
Date Created: 20180804 Date Completed: 20190328 Latest Revision: 20230918
- Publication Date:
20240829
- Accession Number:
10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.07.005
- Accession Number:
30075240
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