Effects of Trypanosoma cruzi on the phenoloxidase and prophenoloxidase activity in the vector Meccus pallidipennis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101462774 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1756-3305 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17563305 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Parasit Vectors Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: London : BioMed Central
    • Subject Terms:
      Catechol Oxidase/*metabolism ; Enzyme Precursors/*metabolism ; Insect Vectors/*parasitology ; Monophenol Monooxygenase/*metabolism ; Reduviidae/*enzymology ; Reduviidae/*parasitology ; Trypanosoma cruzi/*physiology; Animals ; Catechol Oxidase/genetics ; Chagas Disease/transmission ; Enzyme Precursors/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/enzymology ; Mice ; Monophenol Monooxygenase/genetics ; Nymph/enzymology ; Nymph/parasitology
    • Abstract:
      Background: Triatomine insects are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease. The insect-parasite interaction has been studied in relation to the transmission and prevalence of this disease. For most triatomines, however, several crucial aspects of the insect immune response are still unknown. For example, only for Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans has the activity of phenoloxidase (PO) and its zymogen prophenoloxidase (proPO) been reported in relation to the hemolymph and anterior midgut (AM). The aim of this study was to gain insight into the immune response to T. cruzi infection of an important triatomine in Mexico, Meccus pallidipennis.
      Methods: Parasites were quantified in the rectal contents of infected M. pallidipennis groups. We examined some key factors in disease transmission, including the systemic (hemolymph) and local (gut) immune response.
      Results: Parasites were present in the rectal contents at 4 days post-infection (pi) and reached their maximum density on day 7 pi. At 7 and 9 days pi mainly metacyclic trypomastigotes occurred. Compared to the control, the infected insects exhibited diminished PO activity in the hemolymph on days 9, 16 and 20 pi, and in the AM only on day 9. Additionally, infected insects displayed lower proPO activity in the hemolymph on day 1, but greater activity in the AM on day 28.
      Conclusions: The parasite strain originating from M. pallidipennis rapidly colonized the rectum of nymphs of this triatomine and developed high numbers of metacyclic trypomastigotes. Neither the changes of concentrations of PO and proPO in the hemolymph nor in the AM correlated with the changes in the population of T. cruzi.
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    • Grant Information:
      IN227816 DGAPA; IT200913 Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico (DGAPA), Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (PAPIIT)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Anterior midgut; Hemolymph; Meccus pallidipennis; Phenoloxidase; Prophenoloxidase; Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Enzyme Precursors)
      EC 1.10.3.- (pro-phenoloxidase)
      EC 1.10.3.1 (Catechol Oxidase)
      EC 1.14.18.1 (Monophenol Monooxygenase)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20180729 Date Completed: 20181127 Latest Revision: 20181127
    • Publication Date:
      20240829
    • Accession Number:
      PMC6062883
    • Accession Number:
      10.1186/s13071-018-3016-0
    • Accession Number:
      30053904