Occurrence of Legionella spp. in Water-Main Biofilms from Two Drinking Water Distribution Systems.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: American Chemical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0213155 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1520-5851 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0013936X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Sci Technol Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: Washington DC : American Chemical Society
      Original Publication: Easton, Pa. : American Chemical Society, c1967-
    • Subject Terms:
      Drinking Water* ; Legionella*; Biofilms ; Europe ; Norway ; Water Microbiology ; Water Supply
    • Abstract:
      The maintenance of a chlorine or chloramine residual to suppress waterborne pathogens in drinking water distribution systems is common practice in the United States but less common in Europe. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of Bacteria and Legionella spp. in water-main biofilms and tap water from a chloraminated distribution system in the United States and a system in Norway with no residual using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Despite generally higher temperatures and assimilable organic carbon levels in the chloraminated system, total Bacteria and Legionella spp. were significantly lower in water-main biofilms and tap water of that system ( p < 0.05). Legionella spp. were not detected in the biofilms of the chloraminated system (0 of 35 samples) but were frequently detected in biofilms from the no-residual system (10 of 23 samples; maximum concentration = 7.8 × 10 4 gene copies cm -2 ). This investigation suggests water-main biofilms may serve as a source of Legionella for tap water and premise plumbing systems, and residual chloramine may aid in reducing their abundance.
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Drinking Water)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20180615 Date Completed: 20190917 Latest Revision: 20190917
    • Publication Date:
      20240829
    • Accession Number:
      10.1021/acs.est.8b01170
    • Accession Number:
      29902377