Description and comparison of medication diversion in pharmacies by pharmacists, interns, and pharmacy technicians.

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  • Author(s): Draime JA; Anderson DC; Anderson TS
  • Source:
    Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA [J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)] 2018 May - Jun; Vol. 58 (3), pp. 275-280. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Mar 27.
  • Publication Type:
    Journal Article
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101176252 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1544-3450 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10865802 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: 2016- : New York : Elsevier
      Original Publication: Washington, DC : American Pharmacists Association, c2003-
    • Subject Terms:
      Internship and Residency/*organization & administration ; Pharmaceutical Services/*organization & administration ; Pharmacists/*organization & administration ; Pharmacy Technicians/*organization & administration; Health Personnel/organization & administration ; Humans ; Pharmacies/organization & administration ; Professional Role ; Retrospective Studies
    • Abstract:
      Objectives: 1) To describe reported medication diversion within the practice of pharmacy; and 2) to compare diversion by employee type.
      Design: Retrospective study.
      Setting: A sample of state board of pharmacy records was examined from 9 states. Disciplinary actions were obtained from the records for the time period of May 2008 to May 2013.
      Participants: Pharmacy employees (pharmacist, technician, interns).
      Intervention: Not applicable.
      Main Outcome Measures: When a diversion case was identified, the following items were obtained for each case of medication diversion: 1) category of pharmacy employee (pharmacist, technician, intern); 2) type of substance (control, noncontrol, both); 3) use of diverted substance (sale, personal use, both, undetermined); and 4) action taken by the board.
      Results: A total of 811 medication diversion cases in 9 states were identified. Most cases involved a pharmacy technician (71.4%), controlled substances only (94.2%), and diversion for personal use (46.6%) and resulted in license or registration revocation or surrender (62.5%). When examining medication diversion use by purpose for diversion, there were significant differences by pharmacy employee type (sale use: P = 0.003; personal use: P = 0.032; unknown use: P < 0.001).
      Conclusion: Medication diversion is a pressing problem. There were 811 cases examined by 9 state boards, and many cases may be unreported. Technicians represent nearly three-fourths of diversions. It is essential that the practice of pharmacy identifies and assesses strategies to reduce medication diversion.
      (Copyright © 2018 American Pharmacists Association®. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20180401 Date Completed: 20190917 Latest Revision: 20190917
    • Publication Date:
      20221213
    • Accession Number:
      10.1016/j.japh.2018.02.009
    • Accession Number:
      29602744