New paradigms for Salmonella source attribution based on microbial subtyping.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8601127 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-9998 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07400020 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Food Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: London : Elsevier
      Original Publication: London ; Orlando : Academic Press, c1984-
    • Subject Terms:
      Bacterial Typing Techniques/*methods ; Salmonella/*isolation & purification ; Salmonella Infections/*microbiology ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/*microbiology; Animals ; Humans ; Minisatellite Repeats ; Salmonella/classification ; Salmonella/genetics
    • Abstract:
      Microbial subtyping is the most common approach for Salmonella source attribution. Typically, attributions are computed using frequency-matching models like the Dutch and Danish models based on phenotyping data (serotyping, phage-typing, and antimicrobial resistance profiling). Herewith, we critically review three major paradigms facing Salmonella source attribution today: (i) the use of genotyping data, particularly Multi-Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeats Analysis (MLVA), which is replacing traditional Salmonella phenotyping beyond serotyping; (ii) the integration of case-control data into source attribution to improve risk factor identification/characterization; (iii) the investigation of non-food sources, as attributions tend to focus on foods of animal origin only. Population genetics models or simplified MLVA schemes may provide feasible options for source attribution, although there is a strong need to explore novel modelling options as we move towards whole-genome sequencing as the standard. Classical case-control studies are enhanced by incorporating source attribution results, as individuals acquiring salmonellosis from different sources have different associated risk factors. Thus, the more such analyses are performed the better Salmonella epidemiology will be understood. Reparametrizing current models allows for inclusion of sources like reptiles, the study of which improves our understanding of Salmonella epidemiology beyond food to tackle the pathogen in a more holistic way.
      (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Case-control study; MLVA; Reptiles; Salmonellosis; Source attribution
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20180126 Date Completed: 20180503 Latest Revision: 20191210
    • Publication Date:
      20221213
    • Accession Number:
      10.1016/j.fm.2017.03.002
    • Accession Number:
      29366470