Cardiovascular fitness in late adolescent males and later risk of serious non-affective mental disorders: a prospective, population-based study.

Publisher: Cambridge University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 1254142 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-8978 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00332917 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Psychol Med Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: London : Cambridge University Press
Original Publication: London, British Medical Assn.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness*; Military Personnel/*psychology ; Neurotic Disorders/*epidemiology ; Psychotic Disorders/*epidemiology ; Schizophrenia/*epidemiology; Adolescent ; Adult ; Exercise Test ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sweden/epidemiology ; Young Adult

Background: Cardiovascular fitness in late adolescence is associated with future risk of depression. Relationships with other mental disorders need elucidation. This study investigated whether fitness in late adolescence is associated with future risk of serious non-affective mental disorders. Further, we examined how having an affected brother might impact the relationship.
Method: Prospective, population-based cohort study of 1 109 786 Swedish male conscripts with no history of mental illness, who underwent conscription examinations at age 18 between 1968 and 2005. Cardiovascular fitness was objectively measured at conscription using a bicycle ergometer test. During the follow-up (3-42 years), incident cases of serious non-affective mental disorders (schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like disorders, other psychotic disorders and neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders) were identified through the Swedish National Hospital Discharge Register. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the influence of cardiovascular fitness at conscription and risk of serious non-affective mental disorders later in life.
Results: Low fitness was associated with increased risk for schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like disorders [hazard ratio (HR) 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-1.61], other psychotic disorders (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.27-1.56), and neurotic or stress-related and somatoform disorders (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.37-1.54). Relationships persisted in models that included illness in brothers.
Conclusions: Lower fitness in late adolescent males is associated with increased risk of serious non-affective mental disorders in adulthood.

Keywords: Cardiovascular fitness; epidemiology; neurotic disorders; psychotic disorders; schizophrenia

Date Created: 20170629 Date Completed: 20181126 Latest Revision: 20181126

20221213

10.1017/S0033291717001763

28655366