Community and Individual Risk Factors for Physical Child Abuse and Child Neglect: Variations by Poverty Status.

Publisher: Sage Publications, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9602869 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1552-6119 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10775595 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Child Maltreat Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications, Inc., c1996-

Child Abuse/*statistics & numerical data ; Poverty/*statistics & numerical data ; Residence Characteristics/*statistics & numerical data ; Urban Health/*statistics & numerical data; California ; Catchment Area, Health ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors

Families are impacted by a variety of risk and protective factors for maltreatment at multiple levels of the social ecology. Individual- and neighborhood-level poverty has consistently been shown to be associated with higher risk for child abuse and neglect. The current study sought to understand the ways in which individual- and neighborhood-level risk and protective factors affect physical child abuse and child neglect and whether these factors differed for families based on their individual poverty status. Specifically, we used a three-level hierarchical linear model (families nested within census tracts and nested within cities) to estimate the relationships between physical child abuse and child neglect and neighborhood structural factors, neighborhood processes, and individual characteristics. We compared these relationships between lower and higher income families in a sample of approximately 3,000 families from 50 cities in the State of California. We found that neighborhood-level disadvantage was especially detrimental for families in poverty and that neighborhood-level protective processes (social) were not associated with physical child abuse and child neglect for impoverished families, but that they had a protective effect for higher income families.

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P60 AA006282 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS

Keywords: child abuse; communities; multilevel models; neglect

Date Created: 20170610 Date Completed: 20180423 Latest Revision: 20211123

20221213

PMC8607343

10.1177/1077559517711806

28595465