IDH1 deficiency attenuates gluconeogenesis in mouse liver by impairing amino acid utilization.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: National Academy of Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7505876 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1091-6490 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00278424 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Washington, DC : National Academy of Sciences
    • Subject Terms:
      Amino Acids/*metabolism ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/*deficiency ; Liver/*metabolism; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Fasting/metabolism ; Gluconeogenesis ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Humans ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Ketoglutaric Acids/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Up-Regulation/physiology
    • Abstract:
      Although the enzymatic activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) was defined decades ago, its functions in vivo are not yet fully understood. Cytosolic IDH1 converts isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), a key metabolite regulating nitrogen homeostasis in catabolic pathways. It was thought that IDH1 might enhance lipid biosynthesis in liver or adipose tissue by generating NADPH, but we show here that lipid contents are relatively unchanged in both IDH1-null mouse liver and IDH1-deficient HepG2 cells generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Instead, we found that IDH1 is critical for liver amino acid (AA) utilization. Body weights of IDH1-null mice fed a high-protein diet (HPD) were abnormally low. After prolonged fasting, IDH1-null mice exhibited decreased blood glucose but elevated blood alanine and glycine compared with wild-type (WT) controls. Similarly, in IDH1-deficient HepG2 cells, glucose consumption was increased, but alanine utilization and levels of intracellular α-KG and glutamate were reduced. In IDH1-deficient primary hepatocytes, gluconeogenesis as well as production of ammonia and urea were decreased. In IDH1-deficient whole livers, expression levels of genes involved in AA metabolism were reduced, whereas those involved in gluconeogenesis were up-regulated. Thus, IDH1 is critical for AA utilization in vivo and its deficiency attenuates gluconeogenesis primarily by impairing α-KG-dependent transamination of glucogenic AAs such as alanine.
      Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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    • Grant Information:
      MOP-125884 Canada CIHR
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: gluconeogenesis; isocitrate dehydrogenase 1; liver; transamination; α-ketoglutarate
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Amino Acids)
      0 (Blood Glucose)
      0 (Ketoglutaric Acids)
      3KX376GY7L (Glutamic Acid)
      EC 1.1.1.41 (Isocitrate Dehydrogenase)
      IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20161225 Date Completed: 20180409 Latest Revision: 20181202
    • Publication Date:
      20240829
    • Accession Number:
      PMC5240724
    • Accession Number:
      10.1073/pnas.1618605114
    • Accession Number:
      28011762