Bases para el tratamiento por intoxicación por veneno de serpiente. (Spanish)

ASIA; MEXICO

World-wide there are from 30 to 40,000 deaths due to serpent bites. Occupying the first place India, Pakistan and Burma, in México 30,000 deaths are reported every year. In the Veracruz state, between 1994 and 95,627 cases were informed with 30 deaths. The serpent family responsible for almost all cases are Vipiridae which venom contains 15 to 20 enzimes that cause changes in the permeability of erythrocyte membrane as well as in other cells. The most dangerous species are Bothrops and rattlesnake. Common symptoms are local pain, paresthesia gum bleeding, sleepness, nausea and intravascular disseminated coagulation. Treatment is based on the new fabotherapic substances, and depending on the seriousness of symptoms the dose goes from 3 to 25 intramuscular or intravenous applications. It is not necessary to apply tourniquet, nor make incision, suck the wound or give alcohol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En el mundo entero se producen de 30 a 40,000 muertes por mordedura de serpiente, y ocupan el primer lugar la India, Pakistán y Birmania. En México se informa de aproximadamente 30,000 muertes (INEGI). En Veracruz entre 1994 y 95 se informó de 627 casos de mordedura, con 30 muertes. La familia de serpientes causante de casi todas ellas es la Viperidae cuyo veneno contiene de 15 a 20 enzimas que ocasionan cambios en la permeabilidad de los eritrocitos y otras células. La especie más peligrosa son la de Bothrops y Crótalos, a las que pertenecen las nauyacas y las cascabel. Los síntomas son dolor local, parestesias, gingivorragia, sopor, náusea y coagulación intravascular diseminada. El tratamiento es a base de los nuevos faboterápicos, desarrollados en el laboratorio en dosis variable, dependiendo de la gravedad de los síntomas: de 3 a 25 frascos, por vía intramuscular o intravenosa. No es necesario aplicar torniquete ni incisiones, ni succión; tampoco dar alcohol y se recomienda no manipular la serpiente aunque parezca muerta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM is the property of UNAM, Facultad de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)