Mammalian-specific genomic functions: Newly acquired traits generated by genomic imprinting and LTR retrotransposon-derived genes in mammals.

Publisher: Japan Academy Country of Publication: Japan NLM ID: 9318162 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1349-2896 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03862208 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Ueno Park, Tokyo : Japan Academy,

Genomic Imprinting/*genetics ; Genomics/*methods ; Mammals/*genetics ; Retroelements/*genetics ; Terminal Repeat Sequences/*genetics; Animals ; Humans ; Species Specificity

Mammals, including human beings, have evolved a unique viviparous reproductive system and a highly developed central nervous system. How did these unique characteristics emerge in mammalian evolution, and what kinds of changes did occur in the mammalian genomes as evolution proceeded? A key conceptual term in approaching these issues is "mammalian-specific genomic functions", a concept covering both mammalian-specific epigenetics and genetics. Genomic imprinting and LTR retrotransposon-derived genes are reviewed as the representative, mammalian-specific genomic functions that are essential not only for the current mammalian developmental system, but also mammalian evolution itself. First, the essential roles of genomic imprinting in mammalian development, especially related to viviparous reproduction via placental function, as well as the emergence of genomic imprinting in mammalian evolution, are discussed. Second, we introduce the novel concept of "mammalian-specific traits generated by mammalian-specific genes from LTR retrotransposons", based on the finding that LTR retrotransposons served as a critical driving force in the mammalian evolution via generating mammalian-specific genes.

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0 (Retroelements)

Date Created: 20151216 Date Completed: 20160909 Latest Revision: 20240324

20240324

PMC4773580

10.2183/pjab.91.511

26666304