Glutathione in Cellular Redox Homeostasis: Association with the Excitatory Amino Acid Carrier 1 (EAAC1).

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  • Author(s): Aoyama K; Nakaki T
  • Source:
    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) [Molecules] 2015 May 14; Vol. 20 (5), pp. 8742-58. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 May 14.
  • Publication Type:
    Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 100964009 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1420-3049 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14203049 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Molecules Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, c1995-
    • Subject Terms:
      Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3/*metabolism ; Glutathione/*biosynthesis ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/*pathology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism; Antioxidants/chemistry ; Brain/metabolism ; Glutathione/chemistry ; Humans ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress
    • Abstract:
      Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of the cellular metabolism of oxygen consumption, produced mainly in the mitochondria. ROS are known to be highly reactive ions or free radicals containing oxygen that impair redox homeostasis and cellular functions, leading to cell death. Under physiological conditions, a variety of antioxidant systems scavenge ROS to maintain the intracellular redox homeostasis and normal cellular functions. This review focuses on the antioxidant system's roles in maintaining redox homeostasis. Especially, glutathione (GSH) is the most important thiol-containing molecule, as it functions as a redox buffer, antioxidant, and enzyme cofactor against oxidative stress. In the brain, dysfunction of GSH synthesis leading to GSH depletion exacerbates oxidative stress, which is linked to a pathogenesis of aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) plays a pivotal role in neuronal GSH synthesis. The regulatory mechanism of EAAC1 is also discussed.
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    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: EAAC1; glutathione; neurodegeneration; oxidative stress
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Antioxidants)
      0 (Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3)
      0 (Neuroprotective Agents)
      0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
      0 (SLC1A1 protein, human)
      GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20150527 Date Completed: 20160225 Latest Revision: 20220310
    • Publication Date:
      20221213
    • Accession Number:
      PMC6272787
    • Accession Number:
      10.3390/molecules20058742
    • Accession Number:
      26007177