Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents from 2001 to 2009.

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  • Additional Information
    • Corporate Authors:
      SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
    • Source:
      Publisher: American Medical Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7501160 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1538-3598 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00987484 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JAMA Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Chicago : American Medical Association, 1960-
    • Subject Terms:
      Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*epidemiology; Adolescent ; Black or African American/statistics & numerical data ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/ethnology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/ethnology ; Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Indians, North American/statistics & numerical data ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Prevalence ; United States/epidemiology ; White People/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
    • Abstract:
      Importance: Despite concern about an "epidemic," there are limited data on trends in prevalence of either type 1 or type 2 diabetes across US race and ethnic groups.
      Objective: To estimate changes in the prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in US youth, by sex, age, and race/ethnicity between 2001 and 2009.
      Design, Setting, and Participants: Case patients were ascertained in 4 geographic areas and 1 managed health care plan. The study population was determined by the 2001 and 2009 bridged-race intercensal population estimates for geographic sites and membership counts for the health plan.
      Main Outcomes and Measures: Prevalence (per 1000) of physician-diagnosed type 1 diabetes in youth aged 0 through 19 years and type 2 diabetes in youth aged 10 through 19 years.
      Results: In 2001, 4958 of 3.3 million youth were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for a prevalence of 1.48 per 1000 (95% CI, 1.44-1.52). In 2009, 6666 of 3.4 million youth were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for a prevalence of 1.93 per 1000 (95% CI, 1.88-1.97). In 2009, the highest prevalence of type 1 diabetes was 2.55 per 1000 among white youth (95% CI, 2.48-2.62) and the lowest was 0.35 per 1000 in American Indian youth (95% CI, 0.26-0.47) and type 1 diabetes increased between 2001 and 2009 in all sex, age, and race/ethnic subgroups except for those with the lowest prevalence (age 0-4 years and American Indians). Adjusted for completeness of ascertainment, there was a 21.1% (95% CI, 15.6%-27.0%) increase in type 1 diabetes over 8 years. In 2001, 588 of 1.7 million youth were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for a prevalence of 0.34 per 1000 (95% CI, 0.31-0.37). In 2009, 819 of 1.8 million were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for a prevalence of 0.46 per 1000 (95% CI, 0.43-0.49). In 2009, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 1.20 per 1000 among American Indian youth (95% CI, 0.96-1.51); 1.06 per 1000 among black youth (95% CI, 0.93-1.22); 0.79 per 1000 among Hispanic youth (95% CI, 0.70-0.88); and 0.17 per 1000 among white youth (95% CI, 0.15-0.20). Significant increases occurred between 2001 and 2009 in both sexes, all age-groups, and in white, Hispanic, and black youth, with no significant changes for Asian Pacific Islanders and American Indians. Adjusted for completeness of ascertainment, there was a 30.5% (95% CI, 17.3%-45.1%) overall increase in type 2 diabetes.
      Conclusions and Relevance: Between 2001 and 2009 in 5 areas of the United States, the prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents increased. Further studies are required to determine the causes of these increases.
    • Comments:
      Comment in: JAMA. 2014 Sep 17;312(11):1153. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.9617. (PMID: 25226483)
      Comment in: JAMA. 2014 Sep 17;312(11):1153-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.9620. (PMID: 25226484)
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    • Grant Information:
      DP-05-069 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; U48/CCU419249 United States PHS HHS; UL1 TR000154 United States TR NCATS NIH HHS; U18 DP002714 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; U01 DP000248 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; U48/CCU919219 United States PHS HHS; P30 DK57516 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; UL1 TR00423 United States TR NCATS NIH HHS; U48/CCU519239 United States PHS HHS; U18DP002710-01 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; UL1 RR029882 United States RR NCRR NIH HHS; UL1 TR001082 United States TR NCATS NIH HHS; UL1 TR000423 United States TR NCATS NIH HHS; U01 DP000250 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; P30 DK057516 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; HIR 10-001 United States HX HSRD VA; 1U18DP002709 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; U48/CCU819241-3 United States PHS HHS; U01 DP000247 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; U18 DP003256 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; 8 UL1 TR000077 United States TR NCATS NIH HHS; U18 DP002710 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; U18DP002714 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; U18DP002708-01 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; 200-2010-35171 United States PHS HHS; DP-10-001 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; U01 DP000244 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; U18DP000247-06A1 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; R01 DK104706 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; U58/CCU019235-4 United States PHS HHS; U18 DP002709 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; U18 DP006139 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; K23 DK089017 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; UL1 TR000077 United States TR NCATS NIH HHS; U01 DP000254 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; PA00097 United States PHS HHS; U01 DP000246 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; U18 DP002708 United States DP NCCDPHP CDC HHS; UL1RR029882 United States RR NCRR NIH HHS
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Investigator: JM Lawrence; K Reynolds; MH Black; HS Takhar; K Holmquist; JW Hsu; DJ Pettitt; D Dabelea; RF Hamman; L Testaverde; GJ Klingensmith; MJ Rewers; D Maahs; P Wadwa; S Daniels; K Nadeau; CA Bloch; C Sorrelman; J Powell; S John; K Love-Osborne; C Greenlee; LM Dolan; M Seid; E Urbina; A Shah; DA Standiford; EJ Mayer-Davis; J Thomas; P Clark; M Parker; A Merchant; AD Liese; RR Moran; G Gaillard-McBride; M Jackson; L Knight; D Bowlby; J Amrhein; B Nelson; C Pihoker; M Afkarian; A Badaru; L Gilliam; I Hirsch; LL Liu; J Neff; J Yi-Frazier; B Loots; R O'Connor; S Kearns; M Klingsheim; E Buscaino; K Cochrane; O Martinez; S Semana; C Greenbaum; G Imperatore; DE Williams; HS Kahn; B Moore; GW Edward; SH Saydah; B Linder; SM Marcovina; VP Gaur; J Harting; R Bell; R D'Agostino; J Divers; W Lang; T Morgan; M Naughton; L Henkin; G Hargis; MT Goldstein; J Andrews; N Fitzgerald; S Isom; J Talton
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20140506 Date Completed: 20140516 Latest Revision: 20240615
    • Publication Date:
      20240615
    • Accession Number:
      PMC4368900
    • Accession Number:
      10.1001/jama.2014.3201
    • Accession Number:
      24794371