Air, bone and soft tissue excitation of the cochlea in the presence of severe impediments to ossicle and window mobility.

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  • Author(s): Perez R;Perez R; Adelman C; Adelman C; Adelman C; Chordekar S; Chordekar S; Ishai R; Ishai R; Sohmer H; Sohmer H
  • Source:
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery [Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol] 2015 Apr; Vol. 272 (4), pp. 853-860. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Jan 23.
  • Publication Type:
    Journal Article
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Springer International Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9002937 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1434-4726 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09374477 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Heidelberg : Springer International, c1990-
    • Subject Terms:
      Basilar Membrane*/pathology ; Basilar Membrane*/physiopathology ; Ear Ossicles*/pathology ; Ear Ossicles*/physiopathology ; Otosclerosis* ; Round Window, Ear*/pathology ; Round Window, Ear*/physiopathology; Bone Conduction/*physiology ; Cochlear Diseases/*congenital; Acoustic Stimulation/methods ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology ; Gerbillinae ; Rats
    • Abstract:
      Clinical conditions have been described in which one of the two cochlear windows is immobile (otosclerosis) or absent (round window atresia), but nevertheless bone conduction (BC) thresholds are relatively unaffected. To clarify this apparent paradox, experimental manipulations which would severely impede several of the classical osseous mechanisms of BC were induced in fat sand rats, including discontinuity or immobilization of the ossicular chain, coupled with window fixation. Effects of these manipulations were assessed by recording auditory nerve brainstem evoked response (ABR) thresholds to stimulation by air conduction (AC), by osseous BC and by non-osseous BC (also called soft tissue conduction-STC) in which the BC bone vibrator is applied to skin sites. Following the immobilization, discontinuity and window fixation, auditory stimulation was also delivered to cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) and to saline applied to the middle ear cavity. While the manipulations (immobilization, discontinuity, window fixation) led to an elevation of AC thresholds, nevertheless, there was no change in osseous and non-osseous BC thresholds. On the other hand, ABR could be elicited in response to fluid pressure stimulation to CSF and middle ear saline, even in the presence of the severe restriction of ossicular chain and window mobility. The results of these experiments in which osseous and non-osseous BC thresholds remained unchanged in the presence of severe restriction of the classical middle ear mechanisms and in the absence of an efficient release window, while ABR could be recorded in response to fluid pressure auditory stimulation to fluid sites, indicate that it is possible that the inner ear may be activated at low sound intensities by fast fluid pressure stimulation. At higher sound intensities, a slower passive basilar membrane traveling wave may serve to excite the inner ear.
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    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20140124 Date Completed: 20150916 Latest Revision: 20211021
    • Publication Date:
      20231215
    • Accession Number:
      10.1007/s00405-014-2887-8
    • Accession Number:
      24452773