Toll-like receptor 9 and 21 have different ligand recognition profiles and cooperatively mediate activity of CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides in zebrafish.

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  • Author(s): Yeh DW;Yeh DW; Liu YL; Lo YC; Yuh CH; Yu GY; Lo JF; Luo Y; Xiang R; Chuang TH
  • Source:
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2013 Dec 17; Vol. 110 (51), pp. 20711-6. Date of Electronic Publication: 2013 Nov 26.
  • Publication Type:
    Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: National Academy of Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7505876 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1091-6490 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00278424 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Washington, DC : National Academy of Sciences
    • Subject Terms:
      Adjuvants, Immunologic/*pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/*pharmacology ; Toll-Like Receptor 9/*agonists ; Toll-Like Receptor 9/*immunology ; Zebrafish Proteins/*agonists ; Zebrafish Proteins/*immunology; Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Base Sequence ; Chickens ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; Cytokines/genetics ; Cytokines/immunology ; Humans ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Transport Proteins/immunology ; Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/pharmacokinetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 9/genetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 9/metabolism ; Zebrafish ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
    • Abstract:
      CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) are potent immune stimuli currently under investigation as antimicrobial agents for different species. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 and TLR21 are the cellular receptors of CpG-ODN in mammals and chickens, respectively. The avian genomes lack TLR9, whereas mammalian genomes lack TLR21. Although fish contain both of these genes, the biological functions of fish TLR9 and TLR21 have not been investigated previously. In this study, we comparatively investigated zebrafish TLR9 (zebTLR9) and TLR21 (zebTLR21). The two TLRs have similar expression profiles in zebrafish. They are expressed during early development stages and are preferentially expressed in innate immune function-related organs in adult fish. Results from cell-based activation assays indicate that these two zebrafish TLRs are functional, responding to CpG-ODN but not to other TLR ligands. zebTLR9 broadly recognized CpG-ODN with different CpG motifs, but CpG-ODN with GACGTT or AACGTT had better activity to this TLR. In contrast, zebTLR21 responded preferentially to CpG-ODN with GTCGTT motifs. The distinctive ligand recognition profiles of these two TLRs were determined by their ectodomains. Activation of these two TLRs by CpG-ODN occurred inside the cells and was modulated by UNC93B1. The biological functions of these two TLRs were further investigated. The CpG-ODNs that activate both zebTLR9 and zebTLR21 were more potent than others that activate only zebTLR9 in the activation of cytokine productions and were more bactericidal in zebrafish. These results suggest that zebTLR9 and zebTLR21 cooperatively mediate the antimicrobial activities of CpG-ODN. Overall, this study provides a molecular basis for the activities of CpG-ODN in fish.
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    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: adjuvant; innate immunity; pattern recognition receptor
    • Molecular Sequence:
      GENBANK KF697668
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Adjuvants, Immunologic)
      0 (Anti-Infective Agents)
      0 (CPG-oligonucleotide)
      0 (Cytokines)
      0 (Membrane Transport Proteins)
      0 (Oligodeoxyribonucleotides)
      0 (Toll-Like Receptor 9)
      0 (Zebrafish Proteins)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20131128 Date Completed: 20140224 Latest Revision: 20211021
    • Publication Date:
      20230127
    • Accession Number:
      PMC3870712
    • Accession Number:
      10.1073/pnas.1305273110
    • Accession Number:
      24282308