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Rhizosphere-competent isolates of streptomycete and non-streptomycete actinomycetes capable of producing cell-wall-degrading enzymes to control Pythium aphanidermatum damping-off disease of cucumber.
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- Author(s): El-Tarabily, Khaled A.
- Source:
Canadian Journal of Botany; Feb2006, Vol. 84 Issue 2, p211-222, 12p, 6 Charts
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- Abstract:
Fifty-eight streptomycete and 35 non-streptomycete actinomycetes were isolated from cucumber rhizosphere soil. These isolates were screened for the production of cell-wall-degrading enzymes using mycelial (Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp.) fragment agar. Eighteen promising isolates were screened for their competence as root colonizers. Eight isolates showing exceptional rhizosphere competence significantly inhibited, in vitro, P. aphanidermatum, the causal agent of postemergence damping-off of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings. The four most inhibitory isolates (Actinoplanes philippinensis Couch, Microbispora rosea Nonomura and Ohara, Micromonospora chalcea (Foulerton) Ørskov, and Streptomyces griseoloalbus (Kudrina) Pridham et al.) produced in vitro β-1,3-, β-1,4-, and β-1,6-glucanases and caused lysis of P. aphanidermatum hyphae. None of these produced volatile inhibitors or siderophores. Only S. griseoloalbus produced diffusible inhibitory metabolites, whilst A. philippinensis and Micromonospora chalcea parasitized the oospores of P. aphanidermatum. These four isolates were subsequently tested in the greenhouse, individually or as a mixture, for their ability to suppress damping-off of cucumber seedlings in soil with or without cellulose amendment. The treatment, which included all four isolates in soil amended with cellulose, was significantly superior to all other treatments in suppressing damping-off and was nearly as good as the metalaxyl treatment. Results show that there is a potential to use a mixture of antagonistic rhizosphere-competent actinomycetes along with cellulose amendment rather than fungicides for the field management of this disease. This is the first study that has involved the screening of rhizosphere-competent non-streptomycete actinomycetes capable of producing cell-wall-degrading enzymes, for the management of Pythium diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract:
À partir de la rhizosphère du concombre, les auteurs ont isolé 93 actinomycètes, dont 58 streptomycètes. Ils ont évalué ces isolats quant à leur capacité à produire des enzymes dégradant les parois cellulaires, en utilisant un agar contenant des fragments de mycélium (Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp.). Ils ont retenu 18 isolats prometteurs pour leur capacité à coloniser les racines. Huit isolats, particulièrement habiles à coloniser la rhizosphère in vitro, inhibent le P. aphanidermatum, l’agent causal de la fonte post-émergence des semis de concombre (Cucumis sativus L.). Les quatre isolats les plus inhibiteurs (Actinoplanes philippinensis Couch, Microbispora rosea Nonomura and Ohara, Micromonospora chalcea (Foulerton) Ørskov et Streptomyces griseoloalbus (Kudrina) Pridham et al.) produisent des β-1,3-, β-1,4- et β-1,6-glucanases in vitro et causent la lyse des hyphes du P. aphanidermatum. Aucun d’entre eux produit des inhibiteurs volatiles ou des sidérophores. Seul le S. griseoloalbus produit des métabolites inhibiteurs diffusibles, alors que l’A. philippinensis et le Micromonospora chalcea parasitent les oospores du P. aphanidermatum. Les auteurs ont subséquemment testé ces quatre isolats en serre, individuellement ou en mélange, pour déterminer leur capacité à supprimer la fonte des semis de concombre, dans un sol avec ou sans apport de cellulose. Le traitement comportant les quatre isolats en présence de cellulose est significativement supérieur à tous les autres traitements pour supprimer la fonte de semis, et est presque aussi efficace que le traitement au métalaxyl. Les résultats montrent que l’utilisation d’un mélange d’actinomycètes antagonistes habitant la rhizosphère, avec un apport de cellulose, pourrait remplacer les fongicides pour prévenir cette maladie aux champs. Il s’agit de la première étude qui implique le tamisage d’actinomycètes de la rhizosphère autres que des streptomycètes, et capables de produire des enzymes dégradant les parois cellulaires, pour maîtriser les maladies causées par des Pythium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract:
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