[Natural killer cells--biology, functions and clinical relevance].

Publisher: Društvo lekara Vojvodine Country of Publication: Serbia NLM ID: 2985249R Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0025-8105 (Print) Linking ISSN: 00258105 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Med Pregl Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Novi Sad : Društvo lekara Vojvodine

Killer Cells, Natural/*physiology; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology

INTRODUCTION; Natural Killer cells (NK cells) represent the subset of peripheral lymphocytes that play critical role in the innate immune response to virus-infected and tumor transformed cells. Lysis of NK sensitive target cells could be mediated independently of antigen stimulation and without requirement of peptide presentation by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. NK cell activity and functions are controlled by a considerable number of cell surface receptors, which exist in both inhibitory and activating isoforms. There are several groups of NK cell surface receptors: 1) killer immunoglobulin like receptors-KIR, 2) C-type lectin receptors, 3) natural citotoxicity receptors-NCR and 4) Toll-like receptors-TLR.
Functions of Nk Receptors: Defining the biology of NK cell surface receptors has contributed to the concept of the manner how NK cells selectively recognize and lyse tumor and virally infected cells while sparing normal cells. Further, identification of NK receptor ligands and their expression on the normal and transformed cells has led to the development of clinical approaches to manipulating receptor/ligand interactions that showed clinical benefit. NK cells are the first lymphocyte subset that reconstitute the peripheral blood following allogeneic HSCT and multiple roles for alloreactive donor NK cells have been demonstrated, in diminishing Graft vs. Host Disease (GvHD) through selective killing recipient dendritic cells, prevention of graft rejection by killing recipient T cells and participation in Graft vs. Leukaemia (GvL) effect through destruction of residual host tumor cells.
Conclusion: Besides their role in HSCT, NK cell receptors have an important clinical relevance that reflects from the fact that they play a crucial role in the development of some diseases as well as in possibilities of managing all NK receptors through selective expansion and usage of NK cells in cancer immunotherapy.

Date Created: 20100929 Date Completed: 20101020 Latest Revision: 20220309

20240829

10.2298/mpns1002091v

20873317