The development of dentistry, 1000-2000.

HISTORY of dentistry; DENTAL care; DENTAL technology; OPERATOR for the Teeth, The (Book); ALIEN, Charles; MEDICINE; ENCYCLOPEDIAS & dictionaries; MEDICAL schools; MEDICAL care

This article focuses on the development of dentistry between the years 1000 and 2000. A round the year 1000, Abulqasis, an Arabic surgeon ID Cordoba, dedicated many pages of his vast "Al tasrif," a medical encyclopedia in 30 volumes, to dentistry. He described tooth extraction and tartar removal methods, emphasized the role of oral hygiene and recommended the use of tooth-cleaning rods and powders. Europe witnessed the establishment of dentistry as a self-standing medical science in the 18th century. In the seven centuries between 1000 and the 1700s, progress was not very impressive. During the 16th century, anatomical investigation flourished and the first books on dentistry were published. Charles Alien's "The operator for the teeth," published in 1685, is the first book on dentistry written in English. In 1839, the first school of dentistry, the first journal devoted to dentistry, and the first scientific dental association were founded in Baltimore, Maryland. In Europe, schools and faculties, journals and societies appeared everywhere. A degree became mandatory to practise dentistry almost everywhere in the world.