Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans.

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0410462 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-4687 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00280836 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nature Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: Basingstoke : Nature Publishing Group
Original Publication: London, Macmillan Journals ltd.

Genome/*genetics ; Phytophthora infestans/*genetics ; Plant Diseases/*microbiology ; Solanum tuberosum/*microbiology; Algal Proteins/genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics ; DNA, Intergenic/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics ; Humans ; Ireland ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Necrosis ; Phenotype ; Phytophthora infestans/pathogenicity ; Plant Diseases/immunology ; Solanum tuberosum/immunology ; Starvation

Phytophthora infestans is the most destructive pathogen of potato and a model organism for the oomycetes, a distinct lineage of fungus-like eukaryotes that are related to organisms such as brown algae and diatoms. As the agent of the Irish potato famine in the mid-nineteenth century, P. infestans has had a tremendous effect on human history, resulting in famine and population displacement. To this day, it affects world agriculture by causing the most destructive disease of potato, the fourth largest food crop and a critical alternative to the major cereal crops for feeding the world's population. Current annual worldwide potato crop losses due to late blight are conservatively estimated at $6.7 billion. Management of this devastating pathogen is challenged by its remarkable speed of adaptation to control strategies such as genetically resistant cultivars. Here we report the sequence of the P. infestans genome, which at approximately 240 megabases (Mb) is by far the largest and most complex genome sequenced so far in the chromalveolates. Its expansion results from a proliferation of repetitive DNA accounting for approximately 74% of the genome. Comparison with two other Phytophthora genomes showed rapid turnover and extensive expansion of specific families of secreted disease effector proteins, including many genes that are induced during infection or are predicted to have activities that alter host physiology. These fast-evolving effector genes are localized to highly dynamic and expanded regions of the P. infestans genome. This probably plays a crucial part in the rapid adaptability of the pathogen to host plants and underpins its evolutionary potential.

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BBS/B/07152 United Kingdom BB_ Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; BB/E006795/1 United Kingdom BB_ Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; BB/E007120/1 United Kingdom BB_ Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; G0400284 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council; BB/C509123/1 United Kingdom BB_ Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; BB/G015244/1 United Kingdom BB_ Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

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GEO GSE14480

0 (Algal Proteins)
0 (DNA Transposable Elements)
0 (DNA, Intergenic)

Date Created: 20090911 Date Completed: 20091013 Latest Revision: 20240109

20250114

10.1038/nature08358

19741609