Composition and characteristics of urinary calculi from guinea pigs.

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  • Author(s): Hawkins MG;Hawkins MG; Ruby AL; Drazenovich TL; Westropp JL
  • Source:
    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association [J Am Vet Med Assoc] 2009 Jan 15; Vol. 234 (2), pp. 214-20.
  • Publication Type:
    Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7503067 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0003-1488 (Print) Linking ISSN: 00031488 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Am Vet Med Assoc Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: Mar. 1975- : Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association
      Original Publication: Ithaca, N.Y. : [American Veterinary Medical Association, 1915]-
    • Subject Terms:
      Guinea Pigs*; Calcium Carbonate/*analysis ; Corynebacterium/*isolation & purification ; Urinalysis/*veterinary ; Urinary Calculi/*veterinary ; Urolithiasis/*veterinary; Animal Feed/adverse effects ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Animal Husbandry/methods ; Animals ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Crystallization ; Female ; Male ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/veterinary ; Urinalysis/methods ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry ; Urinary Calculi/diagnosis ; Urinary Calculi/microbiology ; Urolithiasis/diagnosis ; Urolithiasis/microbiology ; X-Ray Diffraction/methods ; X-Ray Diffraction/veterinary
    • Abstract:
      Objective: To determine the mineral composition of calculi, anatomic locations of the calculi, and findings of urinalysis and bacteriologic culture of urine and calculi in guinea pigs with urolithiasis.
      Design: Cross-sectional study.
      Animals: 127 guinea pigs.
      Procedures: Records of urinary calculi that had been submitted to the University of California Stone Laboratory from 1985 through 2003 were reviewed. In addition, submissions of urinary calculi for evaluation by the laboratory were prospectively solicited from 2004 through 2007. Prospectively obtained calculi were accompanied by a urine sample for urinalysis and bacteriologic culture and a completed questionnaire. All calculi were analyzed by use of polarized light microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. A subset of calculi was examined by means of x-ray diffractometry (XRD).
      Results: 83% (43/52) of calculi from the laboratory database and 93% (70/75) of calculi that were prospectively solicited were composed of 100% calcium carbonate. Analysis via XRD confirmed that 5 of 6 calculi from a subset that had the greatest gross morphologic variation were composed of 100% calcite. Although many guinea pigs had received anti-microbials before bacteriologic cultures of urine were performed, Corynebacterium renale was isolated from 5 urine samples.
      Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Contrary to findings of other studies, urinary calculi analyzed for the present study were most commonly composed of 100% calcium carbonate, and infrared spectroscopy or XRD was necessary to differentiate this mineral from others. Treatments, including diet and husbandry practices, should be developed to help prevent development of calcium carbonate calculi in guinea pigs.
    • Accession Number:
      H0G9379FGK (Calcium Carbonate)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20090213 Date Completed: 20090309 Latest Revision: 20131121
    • Publication Date:
      20231215
    • Accession Number:
      10.2460/javma.234.2.214
    • Accession Number:
      19210239