Glutamate forward and reverse transport: from molecular mechanism to transporter-mediated release after ischemia.

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  • Author(s): Grewer C;Grewer C; Gameiro A; Zhang Z; Tao Z; Braams S; Rauen T
  • Source:
    IUBMB life [IUBMB Life] 2008 Sep; Vol. 60 (9), pp. 609-19.
  • Publication Type:
    Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Published for the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100888706 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1521-6551 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15216543 NLM ISO Abbreviation: IUBMB Life Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: London ; Philadelphia, PA : Published for the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by Taylor & Francis, c1999-
    • Subject Terms:
      Amino Acid Transport System X-AG/*metabolism ; Biological Transport/*physiology ; Brain Ischemia/*metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/*metabolism; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG/chemistry ; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG/genetics ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Models, Molecular ; Neurons/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Synapses/metabolism
    • Abstract:
      Glutamate transporters remove the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate from the extracellular space after neurotransmission is complete, by taking glutamate up into neurons and glia cells. As thermodynamic machines, these transporters can also run in reverse, releasing glutamate into the extracellular space. Because glutamate is excitotoxic, this transporter-mediated release is detrimental to the health of neurons and axons, and it, thus, contributes to the brain damage that typically follows a stroke. This review highlights current ideas about the molecular mechanisms underlying glutamate uptake and glutamate reverse transport. It also discusses the implications of transporter-mediated glutamate release for cellular function under physiological and patho-physiological conditions.
      (Copyright 2008 IUBMB)
    • Number of References:
      86
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    • Grant Information:
      R56 NS049335 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS; R56 NS049335-06 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS; R01-NS0493 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Amino Acid Transport System X-AG)
      3KX376GY7L (Glutamic Acid)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20080611 Date Completed: 20081118 Latest Revision: 20211020
    • Publication Date:
      20221213
    • Accession Number:
      PMC2632779
    • Accession Number:
      10.1002/iub.98
    • Accession Number:
      18543277