Pattern approach to MR imaging in patients with end-stage hepatic failure: a proposal for a new disease entity "hepatic encephalopathy continuum".

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  • Author(s): Kim HK;Kim HK; Lee HJ; Lee W; Kim YS; Jang HW; Byun KH
  • Source:
    Neuroradiology [Neuroradiology] 2008 Aug; Vol. 50 (8), pp. 683-91. Date of Electronic Publication: 2008 May 14.
  • Publication Type:
    Journal Article
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Springer-Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 1302751 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0028-3940 (Print) Linking ISSN: 00283940 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neuroradiology Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag.
    • Subject Terms:
      Magnetic Resonance Imaging*; Hepatic Encephalopathy/*pathology; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain Stem/pathology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Hepatic Encephalopathy/etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosencephalon/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index
    • Abstract:
      Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and the characteristics of MR images of patients with end-stage hepatic failure.
      Methods: We reviewed the MR findings and clinical features of 31 consecutive patients (20 men, 11 women=31, mean age 58.7 years) who had been diagnosed with clinical hepatic encephalopathy. Associations between the lesion locations on each MR sequence were analyzed using a binominal test. The clinical and MR findings were compared in relation to the etiology and clinical status.
      Results: The most frequently involved site, seen as high signal intensity on T2-W images, was the corpus callosum (20 patients), followed by the dentate nucleus (16 patients) and the globus pallidus (13 patients). Significant associations were seen between the pallidus and the crus cerebri, between the crus cerebri and the red nucleus, between the crus cerebri and the dentate nucleus, and between the red nucleus and the dentate nucleus on the T2-W and DW images (P < 0.004). The crus cerebri, red nucleus, and dentate nucleus were involved concurrently with the corpus callosum more frequently in hepatic encephalopathy grades 3 and 4.
      Conclusion: Concurrent involvement of the globus pallidus-crus cerebri-red nucleus-dentate nucleus axis was the main MR pattern in end-stage hepatic encephalopathy, which connected with various areas of the brain. We hypothesize that these overlapping MR features could be regarded as an entity denoted as the "hepatic encephalopathy continuum".
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    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20080515 Date Completed: 20090113 Latest Revision: 20211020
    • Publication Date:
      20240829
    • Accession Number:
      10.1007/s00234-008-0395-5
    • Accession Number:
      18478218