Značaj masti i masnih kiselina u gmazova. (Croatian)

Importance of lipids and fatty acids in reptiles. (English)

Reptiles store excess energy in the form of triglycerides stored in fat tissue. In reptiles, the subcutaneous fat tissue is poorly developed, but there are species with significant subcutaneous fat pads, such as the Mediterranean house gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus). Most reptiles store adipose tissue in paired abdominal fat bodies. The tail may be the primary storage site for adipose tissue in lizards, especially those lacking ambodominal fat in their bodies. The energy obtained from fat hydrolysis is necessary during periods of hibernation, starvation and reproduction. It is considered that reptiles do not develop brown fat tissue, but brown fat cells are described in the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). Lipids are transported in the plasma in two ways, as free fatty acids and as tryglycerides in the composition of lipoproteins, the transport forms of lipids. Reptiles have lipoproteins of the same categories as mammals (VLDL, LDL and HDL). The transport forms of lipids contain triglycerides in their composition, which contain fatty acids, and they can be of endogenous and/or exogenous origin. Fatty acids have many functions, such as those in the immune response, reproduction, physiology of the nervous system, etc. The determination of the fatty acid composition in the blood and tissues of reptiles is increasingly attracting the attention of scientists, among other things because it provides an insight into the health of the individual. This growing knowledge helps improve breeding, and thus the conservation of species, especially endangered ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gmazovi višak energije pohranjuju u obliku triacilglicerola u masnom tkivu. U gmazova je potkožno masno tkivo slabo razvijeno, no postoje vrste sa znatnim potkožnim masnim jastučićima, primjerice mediteranski kućni macaklin (Hemidactylus turcicus). Većina gmazova masno tkivo pohranjuje u parna trbušna masna tijela. Rep može biti primarno mjesto skladištenja masnog tkiva u guštera, posebno u onih koji nemaju trbušna masna tijela. Energija dobivena hidrolizom masti nužna je u razdoblju hibernacije, gladovanja i razmnožavanja. Smatra se da gmazovi nemaju razvijeno smeđe masno tkivo, ali su nađene smeđe masne stanice u jedne vrste morske kornjače (Dermochelys coriacea). Masti se prenose u plazmi na dva načina: kao slobodne masne kiseline i kao triacilgliceroli u sastavu lipoproteina (transportnih oblika masti). Gmazovi imaju lipoproteine koji su istovjetni kategorijama kao i u sisavaca (VLDL, LDL i HDL). Transportni oblici masti u svom sastavu sadržavaju triacilglicerole, u čijoj se građi nalaze masne kiseline koje mogu biti endogenog i/ili egzogenog podrijetla. Masne kiseline imaju brojne funkcije, poput onih u imunosnom odgovoru, reprodukciji, fiziologiji živčanog sutava i dr. Određivanje masnokiselinskog sastava u krvi i tkivima gmazova sve se češće istražuje, što može dati uvid u zdravstveni status jedinke te tako pomoći u poboljšanju uzgoja, a samim time i očuvanju vrsta, posebno onih ugroženih. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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