聴覚障害幼児のイマージェントリテラシーに関する研究動向. (Japanese)

Emergent Literacy of Young Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: A Review. (English)

The purposes of the present study were to review research done outside of Japan on the emergent literacy of young children with normal hearing and those who are deaf or hard of hearing, and to examine educational issues related to reading and writing for deaf or hard of hearing young children in Japan. Research on the development of emergent literacy in deaf or hard of hearing children showed the need for a longitudinal study across the entire early childhood period of a large number of children who are deaf or hard of hearing, based on objective observational studies. In particular, the review suggested that children’s interest in letters and books should be observed, and whether the development of emergent literacy and the process of literacy development by children who are deaf or hard of hearing is similar to that of children with normal hearing should be examined. The relationship between the development of working memory and narratives related to the development of emergent literacy is another topic for future study. In terms of the environment, the present study focused on how picture books are read and showed to children. Few studies have been conducted on the relationship between parents and children that is formed through discipline and the development of emergent literacy, suggesting that this is an issue for future study. The relationship between the type of environment in which children are exposed to means of communication and the development of language skills is another issue for future study. Finally, no indicators have as yet been developed to evaluate the above issues comprehensively, even though such indicators are necessary to create instructional plans and evaluate instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

本研究の目的は、イマージェントジェントリテラシーに関する海外の健聴児と聴覚障害幼 児の研究を概観し、わが国の聴覚障害幼児のリテラシーに関する研究上の課題を検討するこ とであった。その結果、聴覚障害児のイマージェントリテラシーの出現に関する研究では、 客観的な観察研究に基づき、多数の聴覚障害児を対象とした幼児期全体にわたる縦断的研究 の必要性が示された。特に文字や本への関心、態度面を観察し、加えてイマージェントリテ ラシーの出現とリテラシーの発達の過程が健聴児と同様か否かを検討する必要性が示され た。イマージェントリテラシーの発達に関連するナラティブについては、ワーキングメモ リーの発達との関連は今後の検討テーマであり、この点の検討によりイマージェントリテラ シーの発達を促す大人の関わり方が示唆されるものと考えられた。環境については絵本の読 み方や見せ方が中心に検討されていること、また躾などを通して形成される親子関係の構築 とイマージェントリテラシーの発達に関する研究はほとんどみられず、今後の検討課題であ ることが示された。加えて、どのようなコミュニケーション手段を使う環境に子供が置かれ ているか、それと言語力の発達の関係も今後の検討課題とされた。最後に、上記事項を総括 的に評価する指標はいまだみられず、これに基づく指導計画の作成や指導の評価がなされる ことの必要性が示された。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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