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Masked uncontrolled hypertension among elderly black sub-saharan africans compared to younger adults: a cross-sectional in-hospital study.
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- Author(s): Swambulu, Tresor Mvunzi; Mundedi, Yannick Samafundu; Nsimbi, Yves Lubenga; Bompeka, François Lepira; Natuhoyila, Aliocha Nkodila; Risasi, Jean-Robert Makulo; Ilunga, Cédric; Kintoki Vita, Eleuthère; Kiese, Diane Kuntonda; Onembo, Noel Otshudi; Minga, Roger Kongo; Madoda, Olivier Tuyinama; M'buyamba-Kabangu, Jean-René; Phanzu, Bernard Kianu
- Source:
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders; 9/4/2024, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p1-11, 11p- Subject Terms:
- Source:
- Additional Information
- Abstract: Background: Although aging and being of African descent are well-known risk factors for masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH), data on MUCH among elderly black sub-Saharan Africans (BSSA) are limited. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the determinants of MUCH in younger individuals differ from those in the elderly. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with MUCH in both elderly and younger BSSA individuals. Methods: In this study, 168 patients with treated hypertension were assessed for medical history, clinical examination, fundoscopy, echocardiography, and laboratory data. All patients underwent ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring for 24 h. MUCH was diagnosed if the average 24-h mean BP ≥ 130/80 mmHg, the daytime mean BP ≥ 135/85 mmHg, and/or the nighttime mean BP ≥ 120/70 mmHg, despite controlled clinic BP (≤ 140/90 mmHg). Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess independent factors associated with MUCH, including elderly and younger adults separately. P-values < 0.05 were used to indicate statistical significance. Results: Of the 168 patients aged 53.6 ± 11.6 years, 92 (54.8%) were men, with a sex ratio of 1.2, and, 66 (39%) were aged ≥ 60 years. The proportion of patients with MUCH (27.4% for all patients) was significantly higher (p = 0.002) among elderly patients than among younger patients (45.5% vs. 15.7%). Diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–4.46; p = 0.043), anemia (aOR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.07–5.81; p = 0.043), hypertensive retinopathy (aOR, 4.50; 95% CI, 1.57–5.4; p = 0.043), and left ventricular hypertrophy (aOR, 4.48; 95% CI, 2.26–8.35; p = 0.043) were independently associated with MUCH in the elderly. In younger individuals, male gender (aOR, 2.16; 95% CI, (1.33–4.80); p = 0.029), obesity (aOR, 3.02; 95% CI, (1.26–5.32); p = 0.001), and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (aOR, 3.08; 95% CI, (2.14–6.24); p = 0.019) were independently associated with MUCH were independently associated with MUCH. Conclusion: MUCH is more prevalent among elderly than among younger BSSA individuals. Determinants of MUCH vary by age. MUCH prevention and management strategies should be age-specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Copyright of BMC Cardiovascular Disorders is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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