Advances in Personalized Oncology.

Simple Summary: Advances in next-generation sequencing have initiated a paradigm shift in cancer treatment, transitioning from traditional, organ-specific protocols to precision medicine. However, interpreting the clinical implications of an ever-growing catalog of genetic mutations remains challenging. This review explores the direct connections between genetic alterations and targeted therapies, addressing key genetic factors, the challenges in clinical application and research, and strategies for maximizing the therapeutic impact of these treatments. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have catalyzed a paradigm shift in cancer treatment, steering the focus from conventional, organ-specific protocols to precision medicine. Emerging targeted therapies offer a cutting-edge approach to cancer treatment, while companion diagnostics play an essential role in aligning therapeutic choices with specific molecular changes identified through NGS. Despite these advances, interpreting the clinical implications of a rapidly expanding catalog of genetic mutations remains a challenge. The selection of therapies in the presence of multiple mutations requires careful clinical judgment, supported by quality-centric genomic testing that emphasizes actionable mutations. Molecular tumor boards can play an increasing role in assimilating genomic data into clinical trials, thereby refining personalized treatment approaches and improving patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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