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Utjecaj oprašivača na proizvodnju lubenice. (Croatian)
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- Alternate Title:
The impact of pollinators on the watermelon production. (English)
- Abstract:
Human intensive activities have caused a number of changes in nature, including biodiversity deterioration and the decline of pollinator numbers, which consequently lead to problems in agricultural production and also cause economic losses. The production of cultures whose yield largely depends on the pollination of insects, such as watermelon, becomes increasingly demanding. The aim of the research was to determine the number and types of pollinators on flower belts integrated in the watermelon field, to compare the number of pollinators present on floral belts with the number of pollinators present in the natural agro-soil and to determine the influence of the pollinators on the watermelon yield. The floral belt will be located at the Tovarnik site. Inside the floral belt and the part of the crop without the floral belt, three areas of 3x3m will be determined and will be photographed. An estimate of the flowering for families Fabaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae, and other sown and wild flowers will be recorded. The percentage of flowers within the mentioned groups will be recorded according to the given scale. Four groups of pollinators (on the part of crop with the floral belt and on the part of the crop without the floral belt) will be monitored as follows: inside the floral belt a strip of > 50 m length will be chosen, then will the surface of 3x3 m be observed for 4 minutes without change of position. The number of present fauna will be recorded in three repetitions. Reading will be done twice a month in the period from June to August. During the sampling of 4 plants in 4 replicates in the first 4 rows on the part of the crop with and without the flower belt the number and weight of the fruit of the watermelon per plant will be recorded. There is a higher average number and a higher average mass of watermelon per plant on the part of the crop with the floral belt compared to the part of the crop without floral belt. Flower belts have a positive effect on the diversity of pollinators and on the yield of watermelons and are therefore considered as good agro-environmental measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract:
Čovjekove intenzivne djelatnosti uzrokovale su brojne promjene u prirodi, među kojima i narušenost bioraznolikosti i pad brojnosti oprašivača koji posljedično dovode do problema u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji i ekonomskih gubitaka. Proizvodnja kultura čiji prinos uvelike ovisi o oprašivanju kukcima, poput lubenice, postaje sve zahtjevnija. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi brojnost i vrste oprašivača na cvjetnim pojasevima implementiranim u usjev lubenice, usporediti broj prisutnih oprašivača na cvjetnim pojasevima s brojem oprašivača prisutnih u dijelu usjeva lubenice bez cvjetnog pojasa te utvrditi utjecaj oprašivača na prinos lubenice. Cvjetni pojas posijan je u lokalitetu Tovarnik. Bioraznolikost biljnih vrsta unutar cvjetnog pojasa i dijela usjeva lubenice bez cvjetnog pojasa istraživana je na sljedeći način: određena su tri zamišljena područja površine 3x3 m na kojima je napravljena procjena cvatućih biljaka iz porodica Fabaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae, te ostalog zasijanog i samoniklog cvijeća. Postotak cvatućih biljnih vrsta određen je prema zadanoj skali. Bioraznolikost oprašivača (Apis sp., Bombus sp., Megachilidae i Andrenidae) na dijelu usjeva lubenice s cvjetnim pojasom i dijelu usjeva lubenice bez cvjetnog pojasa praćena je na sljedeći način: unutar cvjetnog pojasa izabrana je traka dužine 50 m na kojoj su određena tri zamišljena područja veličine 3x3 m, a na svakom se zamišljenom području 4 min promatrao i bilježio broj oprašivača bez promjene položaja. Utjecaj cvjetnog pojasa na prinos lubenice određen je prosječnim brojem plodova lubenice po biljci i prosječnom masom plodova lubenice na polju lubenice s cvjetnim pojasom i na polju lubenice bez cvjetnog pojasa. Udio oprašivača u ukupno zabilježenoj entomofauni u lokalitetu Tovarnik bio je veći u usjevu lubenice s cvjetnom pojasu u odnosu na usjev lubenice bez cvjetnog pojasa. Prosječan broj plodova lubenice po biljci na dijelu usjeva lubenice s cvjetnim pojasom iznosio je 1,78, što je za 25,8 % više u odnosu na dio usjeva bez zasijanog cvjetnog pojasa gdje je prosječan broj plodova lubenice po biljci bio 1,32. Prosječna masa ploda lubenice po biljci na dijelu usjeva lubenice s cvjetnim pojasom iznosila je 7,1 kg, odnosno bila je 40,99 % veća u odnosu na dio usjeva lubenice bez cvjetnog pojasa gdje je prosječna masa ploda po biljci iznosila 4,19 kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract:
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