微藻破囊壶菌产功能性脂肪酸 DHA 研究进展. (Chinese)

Research Progress in the Production of Functional Fatty Acid DHA by Microalga Thraustochytrids. (English)

Docosahexaenoic acid（DHA）, an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid in human body, plays a crucial role in maintaining cardiovascular health, combating cancer, and supporting vision and brain function. Traditional methods of extracting DHA from deep-sea fish oil suffer from strong fish odor and complex processing, driving researchers to explore more efficient and environmentally friendly alternatives. Thraustochytrids, with their rapid growth, low heavy metal contamination, and high DHA content, have emerged as potential microorganisms for industrial DHA production. However, several key issues persist in DHA production through Thraustochytrids fermentation, including enhancing fermentation production and reducing costs. This paper aims to comprehensively review the research status of DHA production through Thraustochytrids fermentation, covering strain screening and improvement, DHA biosynthesis pathways, genetic transformation, metabolic engineering, and fermentation control strategies. The paper first summarizes methods for natural screening and mutagenic improvement of wild-type strains to enhance DHA oil production in Thraustochytrids. It then delves into the research progress of DHA biosynthesis pathways in Thraustochytrids, emphasizing the role of key cofactors in DHA production. Additionally, it outlines the current application status of genetic transformation technology for introducing exogenous DNA into Thraustochytrids cells, offering valuable insights for enhancing genetic transformation efficiency and stability. Regarding DHA metabolism regulation, the paper discusses the promoting effect of nitrogen limitation on DHA synthesis and the impact of temperature and oxygen supply on production efficiency. Finally, it summarizes the main challenges and future development trends in leveraging Thraustochytrids for DHA production, aiming to facilitate their widespread application in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and food industries, and achieve efficient large-scale production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）作为人体必需的多不饱和脂肪酸，在维护心血管健康、抗癌、支持视觉和脑功能等方面 至关重要。传统的深海鱼油提取 DHA 方法存在鱼腥味重、工艺繁琐等问题，迫使研究者寻求更为高效、环保的替代方案。破囊壶 菌（Thraustochytrids）凭借其生长迅速、低重金属污染以及高 DHA 含量的特性，成为工业化生产 DHA 的潜力微生物之一。当前在 破囊壶菌发酵生产 DHA 的过程中，依然需要解决一系列关键问题，包括提高发酵产量、降低成本等。本文旨在全面阐述破囊壶菌 发酵生产 DHA 的研究现状，包括菌株筛选与改良、DHA 生物合成途径、遗传转化及代谢工程、发酵控制策略等方面。首先，总 结归纳了对野生型菌株的自然筛选和诱变改良等方法，不断提高破囊壶菌中 DHA 产油量。其次，详细介绍了破囊壶菌 DHA 合成 途径的研究进展，着重分析了生物合成途径中关键辅助因子在 DHA 生产中的作用。此外，概述了外源 DNA 传递到破囊壶菌细胞 的遗传转化技术的应用现状，为提高其遗传转化效率和稳定性提供重要参考。在 DHA 代谢调控方面，探讨了氮限制对 DHA 合成 的促进作用以及温度和氧气供应对生产效率的影响。最后，对利用破囊壶菌生产 DHA 存在的主要瓶颈问题和未来发展趋势进行了 总结，以推动其在医药、保健品和食品等领域的广泛应用，实现工业规模下的高效生产。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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