Callus-mediated organogenesis and regeneration of Sorghum bicolor under the influence of natural and synthetic growth regulators.

Sorghum is a C4 plant that offers great potential in biofuel production. However, it faces significant difficulties with in vitro growth, a major obstacle for research applications. To overcome this challenge and improve the utilization of sorghum for various studies, an optimized protocol was developed through explant selection, in vitro conditions, and field acclimatization. This study focused on three sorghum lines (BSR-1, CSV-17, and CSH-1) and addressed issues such as producing toxic phenolic compounds, low regeneration frequency, and difficulties acclimating to field conditions. Shoot tip as an explant worked efficiently for all three selected lines. Different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), kinetin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), zeatin, and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were applied to optimize callusing and regeneration media. Additionally, the effectiveness of coconut water and coconut milk as supplements in combination with synthetic growth regulators was also evaluated. The medium with coconut water and 2,4-D, as well as coconut milk with BAP, exhibited the highest percentage of callus induction and regeneration, approximately three times higher than the control. All regenerated shootlets had 100% rooting and had a survival rate of 93% after acclimatization. The study revealed that callus age significantly impacted its growth and the ability to regenerate, with the weekly growth ratio peaking in the second wk after induction. This study offers valuable insights into optimizing in vitro growth conditions for Sorghum bicolor with promising reproducibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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