Sensitivity of PBL parameterization schemes in simulating lightning and thunderstorm using WRF-ELEC model.

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    • Subject Terms:
      BIHAR (India)
    • Subject Terms:
      UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
    • Abstract:
      Climate change's impact on lightning and thunderstorms is uncertain. This study evaluates the sensitivity of multiple Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) parameterisation schemes within the WRF-ELEC model for simulating a severe lightning and thunderstorm event in Bihar on 25 June 2020. The aim is to understand how these schemes affect lightning and thunderstorm intensity. The model was integrated for 54 h at 0000 UTC on 24 June 2020 using 6-hourly NCEP FNL Operational Global Analysis data at 1° × 1° resolution over Bihar with double nested domains of 9 km (D1) and 3 km (D2). It effectively captures the peak lightning and thunderstorm activity from 0000 to 0900 UTC on 25 June 2020, significantly impacting certain regions. The study utilised ERA5 and IMDAA reanalysis datasets and NASA GPM IMERG daily data to analyse the event and assess the model's performance. Among the PBL schemes tested, ACM2, BouLac, SHsa, and MRF exhibit robust performance. Flash Origin Density (FOD) patterns broadly match observations, although occasional discrepancies occur in southern Bihar. Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and precipitation (mm) analysis reveals anticipated trends. Statistical scores highlight strong performance by ACM2, UW, and GBM schemes in POFD/FAR. The MRF scheme excels in POD/Hit Rate, and the UW scheme achieves the highest score for 24-h accumulated total precipitation. HSS and GSS/ETS underscore the superior performance of the UW and GBM schemes. This study offers insights into lightning and thunderstorm simulations over Bihar with diverse PBL parameterisation schemes in the WRF-ELEC model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
    • Abstract:
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