Razvoj imunološkog sustava i izloženost infekcijama. (Croatian)

Development of the immune system and exposure to infections. (English)

Infections are one of the first signs of many inborn errors of immunity. Infections are seen more often in children, which is usually explained by the physiological immaturity of the immune system. Rational assessment of which children should be tested further is a challenge for everyday practice. In this review, along with a reminder of the peculiarities of immune maturation in children, the specifics of history, status, basic and complex immunological analysis as well as genetic testing are described for the purpose of early recognition of children with infections and inborn errors of immunity. Special emphasis was also placed on the paradigm shift in the recognition of these disorders in children with infections by common pathogens and a severe clinical picture of the infection. Through good cooperation at all levels of health care for children, we will ensure, with timely recognition, proper treatment and prevention of complications as well as unfavorable disease outcomes in children with inborn errors of immunity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infekcije su jedan od prvih znakova za brojne prirođene poremećaje imunosti. U djece se infekcije vide češće, što najčešće objašnjavamo fiziološkom nezrelošću imunološkog sustava. Racionalna procjena u koje djece treba učiniti daljnja ispitivanja izazov je za svakodnevnu praksu. U ovom preglednom prikazu, uz podsjetnik na osobitosti sazrijevanja imunosti u djece, opisuju se specifičnosti anamneze, statusa, osnovne i složene imunološke obrade te genetske analize u svrhu ranog prepoznavanja djece s infekcijama i prirođenim poremećajem imunosti. Poseban naglasak stavljen je i na promjenu paradigme u prepoznavanju primarnih poremećaja imunosti u djece s infekcijama uobičajenim uzročnicima i teškom kliničkom slikom infekcije. Dobrom suradnjom na svim razinama zdravstvene skrbi za djecu osigurat ćemo, uz pravovremeno prepoznavanje, i pravilno liječenje te prevenciju komplikacija kao i nepovoljnih ishoda bolesti u djece s prirođenim poremećajem imunosti. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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