بحران ناشی از اندوه زیس تمحیطی: مقابله با روا نزخم زیس تمحیطی و احساس آخرالزمانی در رمان آزادی اثر جاناتان فرنزن (Arabic)

Eco-Grief Induced Crisis: Resilience of Eco-Trauma and Sense of Ending in Jonathan Franzen's Freedom. (English)

Introduction: The role of nature is undoubtedly undeniable in literature. Due to environmental crises, addressing environmental dilemmas in literature is crucial. This research inves tigates eco-grief and eco-apocalypse in Jonathan Franzen's Freedom (2010). It is based on the interrelation of natural environment and eco-trauma and by focusing on apocalyptic feeling, it examines Freedom. This novel is a practical work depicted to enlighten humans to save nature. This interdisciplinary article relies on the correlation of ecocriticis m, trauma, and apocalypse and to do so, Lawrence Buell's views on eco-apocalypse have been utilized. According to Buell eco-apocalypse is the only mas ter metaphor of the current age as people have not unders tood the fact that the environment is under des truction and do not realize the seriousness of this crisis. Reflection of eco-grief in Freedom proves that Franzen is endeavoring to alter the attitude of humans towards nature to play an effective role in saving nature. His unity with the natural environment mirrors ecological issues in Freedom. Franzen informs and convinces humans to save the creatures that are unable to save themselves. Background of the Study: This s tudy intends to show Franzen's eco-traumatic and eco-apocalyptic views. Franzen (1959-) is one of the eco-aware American novelis ts and essayists whose attentiveness to the environment has been reflected in his life and works. He devoted his time to birds and their life. By publishing Purity in 2015 and Crossroads: A Novel in 2021, he highlighted his name as a great author who portrays family life. Franzen is known for the vividness of characters with the breadth of social insight. He has been introduced to a new universe by birdwatching and manifes ting the importance of natural surroundings. Methodology: This research applies an interdisciplinary approach that integrates ecocriticis m, trauma, and apocalypse. The discussions will be conducted around ecotrauma, which according to Narine Anil, encompasses traumas that humans impose on nature or vice versa, the harms and traumas that are inflicted on humans by nature. Human beings have stood at a critical period in which the use of technology has resulted in the possibility of human extinction and catas trophic end of the environment. By using a qualitative approach based on theory, this article will focus on ecocriticism as its core building block. Although the risk of catas trophe is not so high, people should act consciously to change their behavior toward nature to avert calamity as the disas ter will result in traumatic conditions for the human beings' psyche. Humans should take sufficient action to ameliorate the condition of the environment to improve human psyche; those, who are traumatized due to environmental crisis, try to help nature to res tore itself. Hence, Franzen reflects his concern for such an environment in the pos tmodern apocalyptic world. Conclusion: Franzen expands human knowledge of the surrounding world in Freedom by representing eco-trauma and a sense of ending. Ongoing environmental problems have turned nature into an apocalyptic end and Franzen gets human's attention to the traumatic ecological apocalypse. He hints at the capacity of the earth to recover from its ecological trauma and grief due to the apocalyptic end of benevolent nature. Franzen inves tigates the role of nature in causing anxiety due to the catas trophic s tate of nature; however, he is careful to explore this role in rehabilitating the ecological grief in humans. He portrays a hopeful future for the environment and humans' awakening for taking care of it and sugges ts that humans can take refuge in nature to heal their traumatic wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

امروزه نقش محیط زیست در ادبیات انکارناپذیر است. با وجود بحرا نهای زیس تمحیطی اخیر، پردازش معضلات زیس تمحیطی در ادبیات ضروری است. این مقاله مبتنی بر رابطه بین محیط زیست و روا نزخم است و با محوریت احساس آخرالزمانی، به بررسی رمان آزادی جاناتان فرنزن) 1959 (م یپردازد. فرنزن، درآزادی، با نگاهی موشکافانه به طبیعت، نقش بسزایی در مطالعات محیط زیستی ایفا م یکند. وی آزادی را ب هگون های تصویرسازی م یکند که گامی مؤثر در بیداری انسا نها برای نجات طبیعت ب هشمار م یآید. خوانش این مقاله میا نرشت های، بر اساس ترکیب نقد بو مگرا، روا نزخم و احساس آخرالزمانی است. برای تحقق این امر، از مفهوم آخرالزمان زیس تمحیطی لارنس بیوئل استفاده شده است. از منظر بیوئل، آخرالزمان زیس تمحیطی، یگانه استعاره قدرتمند و استادانه قرن حاضر است؛ زیرا اکثر مردم هنوز این واقعیت را که محیط زیست در معرض نابودی کامل است 4، قبول ندارند و به جدیت این بحران واقف نیستند. انعکاس اندوه زیس تمحیطی در رمان آزادی نشان م یدهد که فرنزن در صدد است با تغییر نگرش به محیط زیست، در بهبود اوضاع طبیعت گامی مؤثر بردارد. یگانگی فزنزن با طبیعت، جلو هگر بازتاب مسائل زیس تمحیطی در آزادی است. هدف وی، کمک به بیداری جهانی انسا نها و ترغیب آنان برای یار یرسانی به موجوداتی است که خود قادر به نجات خویش نیستند. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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