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Postinjury Outcomes After Non–Sport-Related Concussion: A CARE Consortium Study.
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- Author(s): Roby, Patricia R.; Mozel, Anne E.; Arbogast, Kristy B.; Buckley, Thomas; Caccese, Jaclyn B.; Chrisman, Sara P. D.; Clugston, James R.; Eckner, James T.; Esopenko, Carrie; Hunt, Tamerah; Kelly, Louise A.; McDevitt, Jane; Perkins, Susan M.; Putukian, Margot; Susmarski, Adam; Broglio, Steven P.; Pasquina, Paul F.; McAllister, Thomas W.; McCrea, Michael; Master, Christina L.
- Source:
Journal of Athletic Training (Allen Press); Mar2024, Vol. 59 Issue 3, p289-296, 8p- Subject Terms:
WOUNDS & injuries; MENTAL health; LOSS of consciousness; SECONDARY analysis; T-test (Statistics); RESEARCH funding; SPORTS injuries; SEX distribution; MULTIPLE regression analysis; TREATMENT effectiveness; SYMPTOM burden; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; MOVEMENT disorders; RELATIVE medical risk; SEVERITY of illness index; CHI-squared test; LONGITUDINAL method; SPORTS re-entry; AMNESIA; CONFIDENCE intervals; COMPARATIVE studies; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DATA analysis software; BRAIN concussion; DISEASE complications; SYMPTOMS - Source:
- Additional Information
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: Concussion research has primarily focused on sport-related mechanisms and excluded non–sport-related mechanisms. In adult populations, non–sport-related concussions (non-SRCs) demonstrated worse clinical outcomes compared with sport-related concussions (SRCs); however, investigations of non-SRCs in college-aged patients are limited. To examine clinical outcomes in collegiate athletes with non-SRCs compared with SRCs and explore sex differences in outcomes among collegiate athletes with non-SRCs. Prospective cohort study. Clinical setting. A total of 3500 athletes were included (n = 555 with non-SRCs, 42.5% female) from colleges or universities and service academies participating in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Department of Defense Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium. Dichotomous outcomes (yes or no) consisted of immediate reporting, mental status alterations, loss of consciousness, posttraumatic amnesia, retrograde amnesia, motor impairments, delayed symptom presentation, and required hospital transport. Continuous outcomes were symptom severity, days with concussion symptoms, and days lost to injury. Data were collected within 24 to 48 hours of injury and at return to play. Adjusted relative risks (ARRs) compared the likelihood of dichotomous outcomes by mechanism and by sex within patients with non-SRCs. Multivariate negative binomial regressions were used to assess group differences in continuous variables. Athletes with non-SRCs were less likely to report immediately (ARR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.65, 0.81) and more likely to report delayed symptom presentation (ARR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.32), loss of consciousness (ARR = 3.15, 95% CI = 2.32, 4.28), retrograde amnesia (ARR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.22, 2.57), and motor impairment (ARR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.14, 1.84). Athletes with non-SRCs described greater symptom severity, more symptomatic days, and more days lost to injury (P <.001) compared with those who had SRCs. Within the non-SRC group, female athletes indicated greater symptom severity, more symptomatic days, and more days lost to injury (P <.03) than male athletes. Athletes with non-SRCs had worse postinjury outcomes compared with those who had SRCs, and female athletes with non-SRCs had worse recovery metrics than male athletes. Our findings suggest that further investigation of individuals with non-SRCs is needed to improve concussion reporting and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Copyright of Journal of Athletic Training (Allen Press) is the property of KnowledgeWorks Global, Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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