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Pobrezas laborales antes y después de la Gran Recesión (2009-2019).
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- Author(s): IBÁÑEZ, MARTA1 ; TEJERO, AROA1 ; LÓPEZ-RODRÍGUEZ, FERMÍN1
- Source:
EMPIRIA: Revista de Metodología de Ciencias Sociales. ene-abr2024, Issue 60, p41-70. 30p. - Source:
- Additional Information
- Alternate Title: In-work poverties before and after the Great Recession (2009-2019).
- Subject Terms:
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: En España hay una incidencia alta de pobreza laboral, que no ha variado en exceso tras la llamada Gran Recesión, a pesar de su fuerte impacto en la economía y el mercado laboral. Un primer objetivo de este artículo es analizar la evolución de esa pobreza durante todo el ciclo económico comprendido entre la anterior crisis y el período inmediatamente anterior a la pandemia del COVID-19, utilizando indicadores con umbral de pobreza anclado al comienzo de ese período. Se supera así el carácter relativo del indicador oficial, que se calcula para cada año, impidiendo captar los cambios en la incidencia de la pobreza a lo largo del tiempo. Un segundo objetivo es determinar qué dimensiones son más relevantes en la pobreza laboral y en su evolución. Para ello, se conceptualiza la pobreza laboral como un fenómeno compuesto por dos realidades: la individual y la doméstica. Esto nos permite hablar de pobreza individual (bajos salarios), pobreza del hogar (la de las estadísticas de pobreza laboral), y pobreza severa (pobreza familiar y bajos salarios). Así mismo, se pretende ver la influencia de los ciclos económicos, tanto en el peso de cada una de las pobrezas laborales, como en los factores que las explican, para comprobar qué grupos fueron los que sufrieron más la Gran Recesión y si fue una situación coyuntural. Nuestras conclusiones han sido principalmente tres: en 2019, justo antes de la crisis COVID, las tasas de pobreza laboral no se habían recuperado de la crisis anterior, especialmente la pobreza severa. Además, la pobreza laboral de tipo más individual decrece en la crisis, asociada al mayor desempleo y al aumento de la pobreza severa, recuperándose parcialmente en 2019. Por último, el tipo de pobreza más grave, en el que coinciden pobreza laboral individual y del hogar, presenta rasgos similares a la pobreza laboral del hogar, con un fuerte peso de la presencia de menores y, especialmente, de las familias monoparentales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: In Spain there is a high incidence of in-work poverty, which has not changed much after the so-called Great Recession, despite its strong impact on the economy and the labour market. The first objective of this article is to analyse the evolution of poverty during the economic cycle between the previous crisis and the period immediately prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, using indicators with a poverty line anchored at the beginning of that period. This addresses the relative nature of the official indicator, which is calculated for each year, preventing it from capturing changes in the incidence of poverty over time. A second objective is to determine which dimensions are most relevant for in-work poverty and its evolution. Thus, in-work poverty is conceptualised as a phenomenon composed of an individual and a household reality, distinguishing between individual poverty (low-pay situations), household poverty (coming from in-work poverty statistics), and severe poverty (the conjunction of family poverty and low pay). In addition, the last purpose is to analyse the influence of economic cycles, both on the weight of each of the types of in-work poverty and on the factors that explain them, exploring which groups suffered most from the Great Recession and whether this was a temporary situation. Our findings were mainly threefold. First, in 2019, just before the COVID crisis, in-work poverty rates had not recovered from the previous crisis, especially in the case of severe poverty. Second, individual in-work poverty declines during the crisis, associated with an increase in the overall unemployment rate and a parallel increase in severe poverty, but partially recovers in 2019. Third, the most severe type of in-work poverty, where the individual and household dimension converge, has similar characteristics to household in-work poverty, mainly influence by the presence of children and single-parent families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Copyright of EMPIRIA: Revista de Metodología de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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