Human Papillomavirus Infections and the Role Played by Cervical and Cervico-Vaginal Microbiota—Evidence from Next-Generation Sequencing Studies.

Simple Summary: This review explores the impact of cervical microbiome changes on human papillomavirus (HPV) using next-generation sequencing (NGS). HPV poses global health concerns, from benign lesions to cervical cancer. The cervical microbiome, a unique microorganism collection in the cervix, is crucial for cervical health. Recent research suggests that disruptions in the cervical microbiome, marked by reduced Lactobacillus and bacterial overgrowth, may heighten HPV persistence and cervical abnormalities. NGS technology has transformed cervical microbiome studies, revealing insights into microbial diversity and dynamics. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing proves valuable in understanding the cervical microbiome's role in HPV infections. NGS-based studies provide personalized insights into individuals' cervical microbiomes, holding promise for novel diagnostic tools, therapies, and preventive interventions for cervical conditions, including cancer. The research aims to enhance global women's health through a comprehensive understanding of the cervical-microbiome–HPV relationship. This comprehensive review encompasses studies examining changes in the cervical and cervico-vaginal microbiota (CM and CVM) in relation to human papillomavirus (HPV) using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. HPV infection remains a prominent global health concern, with a spectrum of manifestations, from benign lesions to life-threatening cervical cancers. The CM and CVM, a unique collection of microorganisms inhabiting the cervix/vagina, has emerged as a critical player in cervical health. Recent research has indicated that disruptions in the CM and CVM, characterized by a decrease in Lactobacillus and the overgrowth of other bacteria, might increase the risk of HPV persistence and the progression of cervical abnormalities. This alteration in the CM or CVM has been linked to a higher likelihood of HPV infection and cervical dysplasia. NGS technology has revolutionized the study of the cervical microbiome, providing insights into microbial diversity, dynamics, and taxonomic classifications. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, has proven invaluable in characterizing the cervical microbiome, shedding light on its role in HPV infections and paving the way for more tailored strategies to combat cervical diseases. NGS-based studies offer personalized insights into an individual's cervical microbiome. This knowledge holds promise for the development of novel diagnostic tools, targeted therapies, and preventive interventions for cervix-related conditions, including cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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